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Analysis of wet deposition characteristics in the city of Guilin, China

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Abstract

In this study, the rainfall, pH, conductivity, and ionic component data for Guilin from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed. Specifically, the relationship between the pH value of the rainfall, the change of each ion in the rainfall, and the primary ion sources was examined. The main results obtained were as follows. During the 3-year study period, the average annual pH value of Guilin was 5.45 and exhibited a downward trend. The seasonal variation of rainfall acidity was pronounced, with high pH values and low frequencies of acid rain in summer, and low pH values and high frequencies of acid rain in winter. From 2015 to 2017, the relative order of the average concentrations of the ionic components in the rainfall was SO42−  > NO3−  > Ca2+  > Cl−  > NH4+  > Na+  > K+  > Mg2+  > F−, the annual average concentration of each ionic component displayed a downward trend, and seasonal changes were obvious. Only NH4+ showed an upward trend in rainfall. The (SO42−)/(NO3−) ratio was basically < 3 and manifested a downward trend; (Ca2+)/(NH4+) rose sharply in August and September each year. Using correlation analysis and enrichment factor analysis, it was concluded that the rainfall in Guilin is mainly affected by SO2, NOx, and NH3, with the geological conditions in the karst area also contributing a certain amount to the rainfall acidity. Calculating the enrichment factor revealed that most of the Ca2+ came from a crustal source; half the Mg2+ came from the ocean and half came from the crust; and most of K+ and Cl− originated from the ocean. Human activities contributed most of the SO42− and NO3− in the rainfall.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The data used in this study were all provided by the Guilin environmental monitoring center station. We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

The work was supported by the Youth Fund of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (NO. 2018GXNSFBA281082) and Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (NO. 2017GXNSFAA198184).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Qi Feng, Hongqiang Wang & Lei Liao

  2. Guilin Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, 541002, China

    Youling Li & Jianhui Wen

  3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Hongqiang Wang & Lei Liao

  4. Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safely in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Hongqiang Wang & Lei Liao

  5. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory, Technology for Science and Education Combined With Science and Technology Innovation Base, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China

    Hongqiang Wang & Lei Liao

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  1. Qi Feng
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Correspondence to Hongqiang Wang.

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Feng, Q., Li, Y., Wen, J. et al. Analysis of wet deposition characteristics in the city of Guilin, China. Environ Monit Assess 193, 597 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09396-1

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