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Gibbsiella quercinecans and Brenneria roseae subsp. roseae associated to the canker disease of walnut trees in northwestern Iran

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Abstract

A bacterial disease of walnut (Juglans regia) has been observed in northwestern Iran during the summer of 2018 with symptoms similar to the shallow bark canker on trunks and branches. In the present study, two hundred and thirty-six obtained isolates were characterized and classified into three major groups based on the biochemical and physiological characters. With the species-specific primer pairs, Brenneria rubrifaciens was not detected, and a few isolates were recognized as B. nigrifluens. The partial 16S rDNA sequences and multilocus sequence analysis based on housekeeping genes gyrB, rpoB, infB, and atpD following a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates are belonged to B. roseae subsp. roseae, B. nigrifluens and Gibbsiella quercinecans (190 out of 236 isolates) species. Iranian isolates formed the monophyletic clades and had high sequence similarity with the relative type strains. The pathogenicity tests of G. quercinecans, B. roseae subsp. roseae and B. nigrifluens isolates on branches and trunks of 5-year-old walnut trees indicated that they had effective potential to cause necrosis and canker on branches. The effective identification of potentially pathogenic bacterial species associated to the canker disease of walnut trees was confirmed using species-specific primer pairs and concatenated partial sequences of housekeeping genes. Further investigation is necessary to determine the agents might be involved in the etiology of the disease.

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Data availability

The 16S rDNA- Housekeeping genes sequences are available from GenBank with accession numbers:

(16S rDNA) MN822728, MN822729, MN822730, MN822731, MN822732, MN822733, MN822734, MN822735, MN822736, MN822737, MN473259, MN473260, MN473261, MN822900, MN822901, MN822902, MN822903, MN822904, MN822905, MN822906, KF308291.

(gyrB) MN841613, MN841614, MN841615, MN841616, MN841617, MN841618, MN841619, MN841620, MN473071, MN473072, MN473073, MN841650, MN841651, MN841652, MN841653, MN841654, MN841655, MN841656, JX425084, KF308303, JF311612.

(infB) MN841621, MN841622, MN841623, MN841624, MN841625, MN841626, MN841627, MN841628, MN473074, MN473075, MN473076, MN841657, MN841658, MN841659, MN841660, MN841661, MN841662, MN841663, JX425213, KF308313, JF311725.

(atpD) MN841605, MN841606, MN841607, MN841608, MN841609, MN841610, MN841611, MN841612, MN473068, MN473069, MN473070, MN841643, MN841644, MN841645, MN841646, MN841647, MN841648, MN841649, JX424954, KF308293, JF311499.

(rpoB) MN841635, MN841636, MN841637, MN841638, MN841639, MN841640, MN841641, MN841642, MN841602, MN841603, MN841604, MN841664, MN841665, MN841666, MN841667, MN841668, MN841669, MN841670, JX425340, KF308323, JF311837.

(recA) MN841629, MN841630, MN841631, MN841632, MN841633, MN841634.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Taghavi from Shiraz University for kindly gifting a B. nigrifluens strain and Dr. BakhshiGanje from Plant Protection Research Department, Kohgiluyehva Boyer-Ahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, for providing chemical material support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

    Tohid Allahverdipour & Fatemeh Shahryari

  2. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Nargues Falahi Charkhabi

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  1. Tohid Allahverdipour
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  2. Fatemeh Shahryari
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  3. Nargues Falahi Charkhabi
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Contributions

Tohid Allahverdipour contributed to the acquisition of data, performed of the data analyses, interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript, Fatemeh Shahryari was responsible for supervising the work, conception, design, interpretation of data and revision of the manuscript, Nargues Falahi Charkhabi was advisor this work and contributed to the revision of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fatemeh Shahryari.

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Allahverdipour, T., Shahryari, F. & Falahi Charkhabi, N. Gibbsiella quercinecans and Brenneria roseae subsp. roseae associated to the canker disease of walnut trees in northwestern Iran. Eur J Plant Pathol 161, 783–797 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02359-9

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