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Resting Oxygen Uptake Value of 1 Metabolic Equivalent of Task in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Descriptive Analysis

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A Letter to the Editor to this article was published on 17 January 2022

A Letter to the Editor to this article was published on 17 January 2022

Abstract

Background

It is important for sport scientists and health professionals to have estimative methods for energy demand during different physical activities. The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) provides a feasible approach for classifying activity intensity as a multiple of the resting metabolic rate (RMR). RMR is generally assumed to be 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram of body mass per minute (mL O2 kg−1 min−1), a value that has been criticized and considered to be overestimated in the older adult population. However, there has been no comprehensive effort to review available RMR estimations, equivalent to 1 MET, obtained in the older adult population.

Objective

The aim of this review was to examine the existing evidence reporting measured RMR values in the older adult population and to provide descriptive estimates of 1 MET.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library, from database inception to July 2021. To this end, original research studies assessing RMR in adults ≥ 60 years old using indirect calorimetry and reporting results in mL O2 kg−1 min−1 were sought.

Results

Twenty-three eligible studies were identified, including a total of 1091 participants (426 men). All but two studies reported RMR values lower than the conventional 3.5 mL O2 kg−1 min−1. The overall weighted average 1 MET value obtained from all included studies was 2.7 ± 0.6 mL O2 kg−1 min−1; however, when considering best practice studies, this value was 11% lower (2.4 ± 0.3 mL O2 kg−1 min−1).

Conclusion

Based on the results of this systematic review, we would advise against the application of the standard value of 1 MET (3.5 mL O2 kg−1 min−1) in people ≥ 60 years of age and encourage the direct assessment of RMR using indirect calorimetry while adhering to evidence-based best practice recommendations. When this is not possible, assuming an overall value of 2.7 mL O2 kg−1 min−1 might be reasonable. Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 30 September 2020, with registration number CRD42020206440.

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Author notes

  1. Asier Mañas and Ignacio Ara equally contributed.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain

    Javier Leal-Martín, Miguel Muñoz-Muñoz, Luis M. Alegre, Asier Mañas & Ignacio Ara

  2. CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain

    Javier Leal-Martín, Miguel Muñoz-Muñoz, Luis M. Alegre, Asier Mañas & Ignacio Ara

  3. Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA

    Sarah Kozey Keadle

  4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Francisco Amaro-Gahete

Authors
  1. Javier Leal-Martín
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  2. Miguel Muñoz-Muñoz
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  3. Sarah Kozey Keadle
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  4. Francisco Amaro-Gahete
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  5. Luis M. Alegre
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  6. Asier Mañas
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  7. Ignacio Ara
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ignacio Ara.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Red EXERNET DEP2005-00046), the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (SBPLY/19/180501/000312), and by FEDER funds from the European Union (CB16/10/00477 and CB16/10/00456). JLM received a PhD grant from the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain (2019-PREDUCLM-11385) and MM from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (FPU19/01276). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interests

Javier Leal-Martín, Miguel Muñoz-Muñoz, Sarah Kozey Keadle, Francisco Amaro-Gahete, Luis M. Alegre, Asier Mañas, and Ignacio Ara declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Author contributions

JLM drafted the original manuscript. JLM and MM performed the literature search, selected articles, appraised their quality and extracted data. AM, SKK, and FAG performed major manuscript corrections. JLM and AM contributed to conception of the study, interpreted the data, and revised and edited the manuscript. LMA contributed to the conception and design of the study and revised and edited the manuscript. IA provided funding, revised the manuscript, and coordinated the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Leal-Martín, J., Muñoz-Muñoz, M., Keadle, S.K. et al. Resting Oxygen Uptake Value of 1 Metabolic Equivalent of Task in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Descriptive Analysis. Sports Med 52, 331–348 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01539-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01539-1

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