Startup of pilot-scale single-stage nitrogen removal using anammox and partial nitritation (SNAP) reactor for waste brine treatment using marine anammox bacteria
Section snippets
SNAP reactor
To investigate the startup method of the pilot-scale SNAP process for waste brine treatment, we used a complete mixing type reactor including settling zone with length, width, height, and working volume of 1.0 m, 1.0 m, 2.2 m, and 2 m3, respectively (Fig. 1). Waste brine (Table 1), generated from a natural gas plant, was supplied to the reactor at flow rates of 30–900 L/h. The trace element solution (30–200 mL) was added to the reactor three times per week. The trace element solution contained
Cultivation of AOB (phase 1 to 2)
After day 90 in phase 1, the bulky and fluffy sludge was enriched and the nitrification rate (NR) increased to 0.26 kg-N/m3/day on day 142 (Fig. 2A and B). However, the sludge was washed out because of its poor settleability. After the addition of freshwater anammox granules as a biomass carrier of AOB on day 477 in phase 2, NR sharply increased and reached to 0.77 kg-N/m3/day on day 493. DO concentration decreased from 5.0 mg/L in phase 1 to 0.5 mg/L in phase 2.
Cultivation of anammox bacteria (phase 3 to 4)
After the addition of anammox
Preceding AOB cultivation for anammox growth
In this study, AOB cultivation preceding anammox bacteria cultivation decreased the DO concentration to 0.5 mg/L and increased the nitrite production rate, which are favorable for the growth of anammox bacteria. DO inhibits the activity of anammox bacteria, while it is essential for the partial nitritation by AOB. Several studies have reported the inhibiting DO concentration of 5.0 mg/L for granular anammox sludge (31) and 0.5 mg/L for floc anammox sludge (32). Previous studies investigated the
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Keiyo Natural Gas Association.
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