Abstract
The slotted cartridge is able to generate strong directional penetration. To study the effect of different structures of slotted cartridges on the propagation characteristics of shock waves and explosive products, the high-speed schlieren photography system and pressure testing system were used to conduct experimental investigations based on five different structures of slotted cartridges. Experimental results show that shock waves and explosive products preferentially propagate outward from the slit and the propagation process is highly symmetrical. The peak overpressure generated by the three-seam slotted cartridge is 1.4 MPa, which is much greater than that of other design schemes. Besides, the greatest propagation velocities of shock waves and explosive products were achieved for the three-seam slotted cartridge. The disturbance of adjacent shock waves generates jet-like explosive products in front of the shock waves. Numerical simulations reveal that there are two rising phases of overpressure at the slotted position, which is mainly caused by air disturbance in the slit and shock wave reflection in the slotted tube. The three-seam slotted cartridge achieves the maximum overpressure of 225 MPa at the slotted position. When the shock waves and explosive products propagate outward the slotted cartridge with large internal incision, the overpressure and velocities of shock waves and explosive products gradually increase with decrease in the cross-sectional area of the slotted tube.
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Abbreviations
- P m :
-
Shock wave overpressure (MPa)
- V max :
-
Peak voltage indicated on the oscilloscope (mV)
- K :
-
Sensitivity of the charge amplifier (mV/Pc)
- S q :
-
Charge sensitivity of the sensor (pC/MPa)
- T :
-
Deformation temperature (K)
- T m :
-
Melting point of the material
- T r :
-
Ambient temperature
- σ y :
-
Equivalent stress
- A, B, C, n, m :
-
Material constants
- ε p :
-
Actual plastic strain
- ε :
-
Actual strain rate
- ε 0 :
-
Reference strain rate
- P :
-
Overpressure of explosive products (MPa)
- γ :
-
Adiabatic index
- ρ :
-
Density of air after compression or expansion (g·cm−3)
- ρ 0 :
-
Initial density of air (g·cm−3)
- E :
-
Initial specific internal energy of air (J/kg)
- V :
-
Specific volume
- R 1, R 2, ω :
-
Determined constants
- E 0 :
-
Initial internal energy density (kJ·m−3)
- ρ e :
-
Density of explosives (g·cm−3)
- V C-J :
-
Detonation velocity (m·s−1)
- P C-J :
-
Detonation pressure (GPa)
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Acknowledgements
Financial supports for this work by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC0808500) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51774221) are both highly appreciated.
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YL performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. Many improvements of revisions and further research proposal were given by CH, LL contributed significantly to analysis and manuscript preparation. XC contributed to the conception of the study. QZ helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions.
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Li, Y., Huang, C., Liu, L. et al. Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Explosive Characteristics of Slotted Cartridges under Different Slotted Structures. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54, 6173–6189 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02592-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02592-y