Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T15:55:15.230Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sexual dimorphism and biology of the large deepwater mastigoteuthid squid Idioteuthis cordiformis (Cephalopoda, Mastigoteuthidae) off Tasmania, Australia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2021

George D. Jackson Open the ORCID record for George D. Jackson [Opens in a new window]  and
Christine H. Jackson
George D. Jackson*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA92354, USA
Christine H. Jackson
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA92354, USA
*
Author for correspondence: George D. Jackson, E-mail: GDJackson@llu.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study provided biological information on 146 specimens of the poorly known deepwater mastigoteuthid squid Idioteuthis cordiformis. Mantle length ranged from 200–500 mm for males and 270–702 mm for females. The largest female weighed just under 12 kg. The majority of males were mature and all females were immature. The fins were larger and thicker than the mantle. Mantle weight of males and females was 44.8% and 55.2% of fin weight, respectively, and were significantly different. There was a significant sex effect on mantle length, total weight, mantle weight and fin weight, with females having greater values in all categories. There was a small season effect for mantle weight and fin weight. There was little ingested prey material except fluid and oil in the caecum that was typically bright orange or red. Total fluid volume ranged from 23–230 ml and 20–550 ml for males and females, respectively. The per cent oil component of total fluids in the caecum ranged from 6.9–50% and 10.8–50% for males and females, respectively, with no significant difference in per cent oil between males and females. There was a significant positive relationship between total weight and oil volume for females, and for males and females combined. The function of the oil is uncertain. While this study provided information on sex differences in the body size, sexual dimorphism and caecum oil content, information is still incomplete regarding reproduction due to the lack of any mature females captured in this study.

Keywords

Deep-sea cephalopodmaturityoegopsid squidreproduction
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 101 , Issue 4 , June 2021 , pp. 717 - 723
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abreu, J, Phillips, RA, Ceia, FR, Ireland, L, Paiva, VH and Xavier, JC (2020) Long-term changes in habitat and trophic level of Southern Ocean squid in relation to environmental conditions. Scientific Reports 10, 15215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bakes, MJ and Nichols, PD (1995) Lipid, fatty acid and squalene composition of liver oil from six species of deep-sea sharks collected in southern Australian waters. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 110, 267–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolstad, KS (2006) Sexual dimorphism in the beaks of Moroteuthis ingens Smith, 1881 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida: Onychoteuthidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 33, 317–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolstad, KSR and Hoving, HJT (2011) Spermatangium structure and implantation sites in onychoteuthid squid (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Marine Biodiversity Records 4. doi: 10.1017/S175526721000120X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyle, P and Rodhouse, P (2005) Cephalopods: Ecology and Fisheries. Oxford: Blackwell Science.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braid, HE and Bolstad, KSR (2014) Feeding ecology of the largest mastigoteuthis squid species, Idioteuthis cordiformis (Cephalopoda, Mastigoteuthidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series 515, 275–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braid, HE and Bolstad, KSR (2015) Systematics of the Mastigoteuthidae Verrill, 1881 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) from New Zealand waters. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 42, 187–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braid, HE, McBride, PD and Bolstad, KSR (2014) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the squid family Mastigoteuthidae (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) based on three mitochondrial genes. Hydrobiologia 725, 145–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braid, HE, Kubodera, T and Bolstad, KSR (2017) One step closer to understanding the chiroteuthid families in the Pacific Ocean. Marine Biodiversity 47, 659–683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherel, Y and Duhamel, G (2003) Diet of the squid Moroteuthis ingens (Teuthoidea: Onychoteuthidae) in the upper slope waters of the Kerguelen Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 250, 197–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherel, Y and Duhamel, G (2004) Antarctic Jaws: prey of sharks in Kerguelen waters. Deep-Sea Research I 51, 17–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherel, Y, Ridoux, V, Spitz, J and Richard, P (2009) Stable isotopes document the trophic structure of a deep-sea cephalopod assemblage including giant octopod and giant squid. Biology Letters 5, 364–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coll, M, Navarro, J, Olson, RJ and Christensen, V (2013) Assessing the trophic position and ecological role of squids in marine ecosystems by means of food-web-models. Deep Sea Research II 95, 21–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de la Chesnais, FEA, Tracey, SR and Pecl, GT (2019) The ecological role of cephalopods and their representation in ecosystem models. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 29, 313–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doubleday, ZA, Prowse, TAA, Arkhipkin, A, Pierce, GJ, Semmens, J, Steer, M, Leporati, SC, Lourenco, S, Quetglas, A, Sauer, W and Gillanders, BM (2016) Global proliferation of cephalopods. Current Biology 26, 406–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, DJ, Marshall, BA, Anyong, ST, Wing, SR and Hitchmough, RA (2010) Conservation status of New Zealand marine invertebrates. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44, 129–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, D, Schnabel, K, Marshall, B, Gordon, D, Wing, S, Tracey, D and Hitchmough, R (2013) Conservation Status of New Zealand Marine Invertebrates, 2013. Wellington: Department of Conservation.Google Scholar
Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory Archive (n.d.) https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HURL/HURLarchive/guideimages_php/Cephalopoda_039.php?category=Cephalopoda (Accessed online 9 December 2020).Google Scholar
Hitchmough, R, Bull, L and Cromarty, P (2007) New Zealand Threat Classification System Lists 2005. Wellington: Department of Conservation.Google Scholar
Hoving, HJT, Perez, JAA, Bolstad, KSR, Braid, HE, Evans, AB, Fuchs, D, Judkins, H, Kelly, JT, Marian, JEAR, Nakajima, R, Piatkowski, U, Reid, A, Vecchione, M and Xavier, JCC (2014) The study of deep-sea cephalopods. Advances in Marine Biology 67, 235–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD (1997) Age, growth and maturation of the deepwater squid Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) in New Zealand waters. Polar Biology 17, 268–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD (2001) Confirmation of winter spawning of Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) in the Chatham Rise region of New Zealand. Polar Biology 24, 97–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD and Jackson, CH (2004) Mating and spermatophore placement in the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, 783–784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD and Mladenov, PV (1994) Terminal spawning in the deepwater squid Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae). Journal of Zoology London 234, 189–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD and O'Shea, S (2003) Unique hooks in the male scaled squid Lepidoteuthis grimaldi. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, 1099–1100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD, George, MJA and Buxton, NG (1998 a) Distribution and abundance of the squid Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) in the Falkland Islands region of the South Atlantic. Polar Biology 20, 161–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD, McKinnon, JF, Lalas, C, Ardern, R and Buxton, NG (1998 b) Food spectrum of the deepwater squid Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) in New Zealand waters. Polar Biology 20, 56–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD, Wotherspoon, S and Jackson, CH (2007 a) Dynamics in the age, growth and maturity of the oceanic Southern Ocean squid Todarodes filippovae from waters off Tasmania, Australia. Marine Biology 150, 575–584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD, Bustamante, P, Cherel, Y, Fulton, A, Grist, EPM, Jackson, CH, Nichols, PD, Pethybridge, H, Phillips, K, Ward, RD and Xavier, JC (2007 b) Applying new tools to cephalopod trophic dynamics and ecology: perspectives from the Southern Ocean Cephalopod Workshop, February 2–3, 2006. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 17, 79–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, GD, Jackson, CH, Virtue, P, Fluckiger, M and Nichols, PD (in press) Dietary fatty acid analyses of the squid Idioteuthis cordiformis – further evidence for predation on deepwater sharks. Marine Ecology Progress Series.Google Scholar
Kojadinovic, J, Jackson, CH, Cherel, Y, Jackson, GD and Bustamante, P (2011) Multi-elemental concentrations in the tissues of the oceanic squid Todarodes filippovae from Tasmania and the southern Indian Ocean. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 74, 1238–1249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubodera, T, Koyama, Y and Mori, K (2007) Observations of wild hunting behaviour and bioluminescence of a large deep-sea, eight-armed squid, Taningia danae. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274, 1029–1034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laptikhovsky, VV, Arkhipkin, AI and Hoving, HJT (2007) Reproductive biology in two species of deep-sea squids. Marine Biology 152, 981–990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipinski, MR (1979) Universal maturity scale for the commercially-important squids (Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea). The results of maturity classification of the Illex illecebrosus (LeSueur, 1821) populations for the years 1973–1977. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Document 79/II/38. Dartmouth, Canada: ICNAF.Google Scholar
Lischka, A, Braid, H, Cherel, Y, Bolstad, K, Lacoue-Labarthe, T and Bustamante, P (2020) Influence of sexual dimorphism on stable isotopes and trace element concentrations in the greater hooked squid Moroteuthopsis ingens from New Zealand waters. Marine Environmental Research 159, 104976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104976.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, KJ, Pecl, GT, Richards, SA, Semmens, JM, Revill, AT, Suthers, IM, Everett, JD, Trebilco, RT and Blanchard, JL (2020) Functional traits explain trophic allometries of cephalopods. Journal of Animal Ecology 89, 2692–2703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Shea, S, Jackson, G and Bolstad, KS (2007) The nomenclatural status, ontogeny and morphology of Pholidoteuthis massyae (Pfeffer, 1912) new comb (Cephalopoda: Pholidoteuthidae). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 17, 425–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pethybridge, HR, Daly, R, Virtue, P and Nichols, PD (2010 a) Lipid composition and partitioning of deepwater chondrichthyans: inferences of feeding ecology and distribution. Marine Biology 157, 1367–1384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pethybridge, HR, Daly, R, Virtue, P, Butler, ECV, Cossa, D and Nichols, PD (2010 b) Lipid and mercury profiles of 61 mid-trophic species collected off south-eastern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 61, 1092–1108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pethybridge, HR, Nichols, PD, Virtue, P and Jackson, GD (2013) The foraging ecology of an oceanic squid, Todarodes filippovae: the use of signature lipid profiling to monitor ecosystem change. Deep Sea Research II 95, 119–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, KL, Jackson, GD and Nichols, PD (2001) Predation on myctophids by the squid Moroteuthis ingens around Macquarie and Heard Islands: stomach contents and fatty acid analyses. Marine Ecology Progress Series 215, 179–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, A (2016) Cephalopods of Australia and sub-Antarctic Territories. Clayton South: CSIRO Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roper, CFE and Vecchione, M (1997) In-situ observations test hypotheses of functional morphology in Mastigoteuthis. Vie et Milieu 47, 87–93.Google Scholar
Salcedo-Vargas, MA and Okutani, T (1994) New classification of the squid family Mastigoteuthidae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Venus 53, 119–127.Google Scholar
Semmens, JM (1998) An examination of the role of the digestive gland of two loliginid squids, with respect to lipid: storage or excretion? Proceedings of the Royal Society B 265, 1685–1690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetherbee, BM and Nichols, PD (2000) Lipid composition of the liver oil of deep-sea sharks from the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 125, 511–521.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xavier, JC, Allcock, L, Cherel, Y, Lipinski, MR, Pierce, GJ, Rodhouse, PGK, Rosa, R, Shea, EK, Strugnell, JM, Vidal, EAG, Villanueva, R and Ziegler, A (2015) Future challenges in cephalopod research. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, 999–1015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, RE, Vecchione, M and Braid, HE (2014) Mastigotragus, a new generic name for Mastigoteuthis pyrodes Young, 1972 (Cephalopoda: Mastigoteuthidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 105, 1–6.Google Scholar