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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Aquaglyceroporin Gene Expression in Treatment Failure Leishmania major

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Abstract

Purpose

Leishmaniasis comprises various clinical forms mainly including cutaneous, muco-cutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis; caused by Leishmania species. Antimoniate is the first-line treatment but some cases showed no response to treatment in the worldwide. In this study, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and aquaglyceroporin 1 (AQP1) gene expressions were assessed in treatment failure clinical isolates of Leishmania major. Also, molecular and phylogenic analyses of the mentioned isolates were performed.

Methods

Samples were obtained from the patients with suspicious CL referred to the laboratory of Diagnosis Center, Gorgan Province, Iran, from October 2016 to December 2019. Detection and identification of the parasite was performed. The genes expressions of MAPK1 and AQP1 were done using SYBR Green real-time PCR. The AQP1 gene from the isolates with treatment failure was sequenced and analyzed using BLAST and multiple alignments. The phylogenic analysis was done using MEGA7. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0 by non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

All clinical isolates were detected L. major. The mean AQP1 and MAPK1 gene expressions in treatment failure isolates were 58.71 and 6.139 fold less than the ones in treatment response isolates, respectively. Based on the AQP1 gene sequence, a nucleotide change of aspartic acid with asparagine at the site 234 was observed. Phylogenic tree analysis showed three groups with the minimum dissimilarity of 0.008 between TF isolates with the standard L. major strains.

Conclusion

We showed that MAPK1 and AQP1 may have critical roles in response to antimoniate in clinical isolates L. major in this study.

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Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analyzed during this study are available by the corresponding author.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

This research was done by Research Center of Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. We sincerely thank the technical supports of the staff of Research Center of Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Funding

This research was financially supported by Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Reza Somee & Gilda Eslami

  2. Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Reza Somee

  3. Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Health Monitoring Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Mahmood Vakili

Authors
  1. Reza Somee
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  2. Gilda Eslami
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Contributions

Data collection, doing the experiments (RS); study design, supervising the method, critical revising the manuscript: (GE); statistical analysis: (MV). All authors read the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gilda Eslami.

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There is no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by Ethics ID of IR.SSU.MEDICINE.REC.1395.335 by the Ethical Committee of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. All patients wrote and signed the informed consent form prior to including in this study.

Consent to participate

The informed consent was written and completed by each patient participating in this study before recording the information and sampling based on Helsinki declaration.

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The consent form was completed with the patients.

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Somee, R., Eslami, G. & Vakili, M. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Aquaglyceroporin Gene Expression in Treatment Failure Leishmania major. Acta Parasit. 67, 309–315 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00463-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00463-8

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