Abstract
Spatial variations in the phytoplankton community compositions, carbon dioxide system and ancillary water column properties, were monitored across various frontal systems in the Indian Sector of Southern Ocean (ISSO) during austral summer 2013. Four major frontal systems, namely, the Agulhas Return Front (ARF), Southern Subtropical Front (SSTF), Subantarctic Front (SAF) and Polar Front (PF) were identified along the study area. Major groups of phytoplankton were distinguished adopting single marker pigment approach. Statistical computations showed the distribution of diatoms were influenced by the availability of inorganic nutrients (primarily silicate and nitrate) and mixed layer depths (MLD). Haptophytes were strongly dependent on phosphate availability, whereas, picoplankton flourished in water where regenerated nutrient ammonium was present. The lowest surface pCO2 (267.26–291.5 µatm) along with in situ oxygen production (> 10 µM) was encountered at the two warmer fronts, ARF and SSTF, dominated by haptophytes and picoplankton. The colder Antarctic fronts, SAF and PF were dominated by diatoms where surface pCO2 was relatively higher (> 350µatm). Poor statistical correlation among temperature and total chlorophyll with pCO2 revealed complex interplay of multiple factors. Contribution of major phytoplankton groups towards pCO2 drawdown was computed using a one-dimensional model describing the relative contributions of biological activities. In ISSO, calcifying and photosynthesizing haptophytes were observed to play a crucial role in the “biological pump” of CO2 drawdown at ARF, SSTF and SAF, while the silicifying micro phytoplankton diatoms and picoplankton were more effective at PF.
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Data Availability
The data used in the present study will be archived at the National Polar Data Centre maintained by NCPOR, India (http://npdc.ncaor.gov.in/npdc/homepage.action) and made available on request to the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
This work was carried out during India’s 7th Expedition to Southern Ocean organized by ESSO-NCPOR, Goa and funded by Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India. Sincere thanks to Dr S. K. Baliarsingh, ESSO-INCOIS, Hyderabad for support with the statistical analysis. Dr. V. V. S. S. Sarma, NIO-RC Vizag, India is gratefully acknowledged for thoughtful discussion in using the Louanchi model. On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
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Sarkar, A., Mishra, R., Bhaskar, P.V. et al. Potential Role of Major Phytoplankton Communities on pCO2 Modulation in the Indian Sector of Southern Ocean. Thalassas 37, 531–548 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-021-00323-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-021-00323-2