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Morpho-physiological Responses of Tomato Genotypes Under Saline Conditions

Morphophysiologische Reaktionen von Tomaten-Genotypen unter salzigen Bedingungen

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Abstract

Salinity is a complex abiotic stress that affects physiology and biochemistry of plants and significantly reduces both crop yield and quality. Considering the global increase in soil salinity, it is required to develop salt-tolerant cultivars for various crops. Solanum lycopersicum L. is an important Solanaceous crop with a diverse level of genotype dependent salt tolerance. However, the evaluation of salt tolerance in tomato genotypes or screening for traits utilized reliably for breeding against salt tolerance is scarcely reported. Thirteen different genotypes of tomato were exposed to salinity with three simulated soil NaCl levels (0, 75 and 150 mM) in a complete randomized design with three pots per treatment. Morpho-physiological traits (fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots, chlorophyll content, Na+ accumulation, K+ content, Na+/K+ ratio, proline content and percent ion leakage) were measured to determine the extent of salt tolerance. Different genotypes, salinity levels and their interaction significantly influenced both the observed morphological and physiological traits of tomato. Fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of root and shoot, chlorophyll content, K+ content and proline content were significantly increased by Rio Grande genotype, while higher Na+ content and percent ion leakage was observed in Early King genotype. Among all tested genotypes, Rio Grande and Red Star were found salt tolerant and Early King and Vigo were found the most susceptible tomato genotypes.

Zusammenfassung

Versalzung ist ein komplexer abiotischer Stress, der sich auf die Physiologie und Biochemie von Pflanzen auswirkt und sowohl den Ertrag als auch die Qualität der Ernte erheblich reduziert. In Anbetracht der weltweit zunehmenden Versalzung der Böden ist es erforderlich, salztolerante Sorten für verschiedene Nutzpflanzen zu entwickeln. Solanum lycopersicum L. ist eine wichtige Pflanze mit einem unterschiedlichen Grad an genotypabhängiger Salztoleranz. Über die Evaluierung der Salztoleranz bei Tomatengenotypen oder das Screening nach Merkmalen, die zuverlässig für die Züchtung auf Salztoleranz genutzt werden, wird jedoch kaum berichtet. Dreizehn verschiedene Tomaten-Genotypen wurden einer Versalzung mit drei simulierten NaCl-Konzentrationen im Boden (0, 75 und 150 mM) in einem vollständig randomisierten Design mit drei Töpfen pro Behandlung ausgesetzt. Morphophysiologische Merkmale (Frisch- und Trockengewicht von Spross und Wurzeln, Chlorophyllgehalt, Na+-Akkumulation, K+-Gehalt, Na+/K+-Verhältnis, Prolingehalt und prozentualer Ionenverlust) wurden gemessen, um das Ausmaß der Salztoleranz zu bestimmen. Verschiedene Genotypen, Versalzungen und deren Interaktion beeinflussten signifikant sowohl die beobachteten morphologischen als auch physiologischen Merkmale der Tomate. Das Frischgewicht von Spross und Wurzel, das Trockengewicht von Wurzel und Spross, der Chlorophyllgehalt, der K+-Gehalt und der Prolingehalt waren beim Genotyp Rio Grande signifikant erhöht, während beim Genotyp Early King ein höherer Na+-Gehalt und ein höherer prozentualer Ionenverlust beobachtet wurde. Unter allen getesteten Genotypen erwiesen sich Rio Grande und Red Star als salztolerant und Early King und Vigo als die anfälligsten Tomatengenotypen.

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  1. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, 25130, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Shahid Ur Rahman, Abdul Basit, Neelam Ara & Izhar Ullah

  2. Department of Horticulture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey

    Izhar Ullah

  3. Horticulture Technologies, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute (Luke), Toivonlinnantie 518, 21500, Piikkiö, Finland

    Attiq ur Rehman

  4. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland

    Attiq ur Rehman

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  2. Abdul Basit
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Supplementary Table 1: Soil Physical and Chemical properties; Supplementary Table 2: Pearson correlation for morphological and physiological attributes of tomato genotypes.

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Ur Rahman, S., Basit, A., Ara, N. et al. Morpho-physiological Responses of Tomato Genotypes Under Saline Conditions. Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 541–553 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00576-0

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