Abstract
The catalytic application of FePO4 synthesized by various chemical routes for the conversion of p‑nitrophenol to p-aminophenol was investigated. The catalyst preparation involved solution technique, polymeric precursor, combustion and reverse micelle methods. The influence of synthetic methods on the catalytic behavior was studied. Characterization of FePO4 was carried out by powder XRD, FT-IR and SEM analysis. The conversion of p-nitrophenol was monitored by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and p-aminophenol was confirmed by UV–Vis, FT-IR, HPLC, 1H NMR and mass spectrometric techniques. FePO4 prepared by combustion method using citric acid showed highest activity due to the large surface area. The conversion of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol was achieved in 50 s. The p-nitrophenol reduction reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The apparent rate constant was found to be 5 × 10–3 s–1 for 0.2 mmol L–1. The results show that FePO4 can be used as an effective catalyst for the hydrogen generation.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Cui, W.J., Liu, H.J., Wang, C.X., and Xia, Y.Y., Electrochem. Commun., 2008, vol. 10, p. 1587.
Naeem, A., Mustafa, S., Dilara, B., Ilyas, M., Samad, H.Y., and Safdar, M., J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 2007, vol. 29, p. 1.
Zhang, X.X., Tang, S.S., Chen, M.L., and Wang, J.H., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2012, vol. 27, p. 466.
Borras, C.A., Romagnoli, R., and Lezna, R.O., 2000, Electrochim. Acta, 2000, vol. 45, p. 1717.
Ng, H.N. and Calvo, C., Can. J. Chem., 1975, vol. 53, p. 2064.
Gadgil, M.M. and Kulshreshtha, S.K., J. Solid State Chem., 1994, vol. 111, p. 357.
Klissurski, D., Rives, V., Abadzhjieva, N., Pesheva, Y., Pomonis, P., Sdoukos, T., and Petrakis, D., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1993, vol. 21, p. 1606.
Muneyama, E., Kunishige, A., Ohdan, K., and Ai, M., Appl. Catal, A., 1994, vol. 116, p. 165.
Muneyama, E., Kunishige, A., Ohdan, K., and Ai, M., J. Catal., 1996, vol. 158, p. 378.
Ai, M. and Ohdan, K., Appl. Catal., A., 1997, vol. 165, p. 461.
Xia, H., Xu, S., Yan, X., and Zuo, S., Fuel Process. Technol., 2016, vol. 152, p. 140.
Liu, Y., Zili, L., You, Y., Zheng, X., and Wen, J., RSC Adv., 2017, vol. 7, p. 51281.
Aghaalikhani, S. and Behbahani, F.K., Chem. Select., 2016, vol. 1, p. 5530.
Ye, J., Zhou, M., Wang, K., Chen, S., Xu, J., and Jiang, J., Chem. Select., 2017, vol. 2, p. 11250.
Rode, C.V., Vaidya, M.J., and Chaudhari, R.V., Org. Process Res. Dev., 1999, vol. 3, p. 465.
Kirk-Othmer in Encycl. Chem. Technol., Kkroschwitz, J.I., Ed., New York: Wiley, 1995, vol. 2, ed. 4, p. 580.
Mandlimath, T.R. and Gopal, B., J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2011, vol. 350, p. 9.
Wu, Y., Zhang, T., Zheng, Z., Ding, X., and Peng, Y., Mater. Res. Bull., 2010, vol. 45, p. 513.
Shin, K.S., Choi, J.Y., Park, C.S., Jang, H.J., and Kim, K., Catal. Lett., 2009, vol. 133, p. 1.
Du, X., He, J., Zhu, J., Sun, L., and An, S., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2012, vol. 258, p. 2717.
Shin, K.S., Cho, Y.K., Choi, J.Y., and Kim, K., Appl. Catal., A., 2012, vol. 413, p. 170.
Ghorai, T.K., Dhak, D., Azizan, A., and Pramanik, P., Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 2005, vol. 121, p. 216.
Thomas, M. and George, K.C., Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 2010, vol. 48, p. 104.
Seoudi, R. and Said, D.A., World J. Nanosci. Eng., 2011, vol. 1, p. 51.
Sayilkan, H., Erdemoglu, S., Sener, S., Sayilkan, F., Akarsu, M., and Erdemoglu, M., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2004, vol. 275, p. 530.
Arora, S., Kapoor, P., and Singla, M.L., React. Kinet. Mech. Cat., vol. 99, p. 157.
Brezova, V., Blazkova, A., Surina, I., and Havlinova, B., J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., vol. 107, p. 233.
Huang, J., Vongehr, S., Tang, S., Lu, H., and Meng, X., J. Phys. Chem. C., 2010, vol. 114, p. 15005.
Liu, W., Yang, X., and Xie, L., J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 313, p. 494.
Kale, B., Shinde, A., Sonar, S., Shingate, B., Kumar, S., Ghosh, S., Venugopal, S., and Shingare, M., Tetrahedron Lett., 2010, vol. 51, p. 3075.
Lee, J.H., Hong, S.K., and Ko, W.B., J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 16, p. 564.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology for providing all the required facilities to carry out the experiments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Abbreviations and designations: PNP, p-nitrophenol; PAP, p-aminophenol; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; XRD, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; UV–vis, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry; UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; 1H NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; LC–MS, liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry; BET, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method; FPCMCA, ferric phosphate prepared by the combustion method using citric acid; FPRMM, ferric phosphate prepared by the reverse micelle method; FPCMS, ferric phosphate prepared by the combustion method using sucrose; FPPPM6, ferric phosphate prepared by the polymeric precursor method heated for 6 h; FPSM, ferric phosphate prepared by the solution method; FPPPM48, ferric phosphate prepared by polymeric precursor method heated for 48 h.
Supplementary Information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mandlimath, T., Kumar, S. Effect of Synthetic Routes on the Catalytic Activity of FePO4 for p-Nitrophenol Reduction. Kinet Catal 62, 536–544 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158421040078
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158421040078