Abstract
Mixotrophy (MX, also called partial mycoheterotrophy) in plants is characterized by isotopic abundances that differ from those of autotrophs. Previous studies have evaluated mycoheterotrophy in MX plants associated with fungi of similar ecological characteristics, but little is known about the differences in the relative abundances of 13C and 15N in an orchid species that associates with several different mycobionts species. Since the chlorophyllous orchid Cremastra variabilis Nakai associates with various fungi with different ecologies, we hypothesized that it may change its relative abundances of 13C and 15N depending on the associated mycobionts. We investigated mycobiont diversity in the chlorophyllous orchid C. variabilis together with the relative abundance of 13C and 15N and morphological underground differentiation (presence or absence of a mycorhizome with fungal colonization). Rhizoctonias (Tulasnellaceae, Ceratobasidiaceae, Sebacinales) were detected as the main mycobionts. High differences in δ13C values (– 34.7 to – 27.4 ‰) among individuals were found, in which the individuals associated with specific Psathyrellaceae showed significantly high relative abundance of 13C. In addition, Psathyrellaceae fungi were always detected on individuals with mycorhizomes. In the present study, MX orchid association with non-rhizoctonia saprobic fungi was confirmed, and the influence of mycobionts on morphological development and on relative abundance of 13C and 15N was discovered. Cremastra variabilis may increase opportunities to gain nutrients from diverse partners, in a bet-hedging plasticity that allows colonization of various environmental conditions.
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Acknowledgements
We thank N. Sakata, M. Matsui, K. Hashiba-Kodaira, Y. Katayama, N. Nitta, H. Yoshinaka, and H. Sato, for help with sampling and H. Abe and Y. Yamashita for support with technical assistance for obtaining molecular data. Some analyses were performed at SSMIM (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) with technical assistance from Denis Fiorillo (UMR 7209 CNRS). This work was supported by a research grant from the National Museum of Nature and Science, The Global COE Program "Advanced Utilization of Fungus/Mushroom Resource for Sustainable Society In Harmony with Nature (15K14442)," and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers (15H04417).
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Yagame, T., Lallemand, F., Selosse, MA. et al. Mycobiont diversity and first evidence of mixotrophy associated with Psathyrellaceae fungi in the chlorophyllous orchid Cremastra variabilis. J Plant Res 134, 1213–1224 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01337-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01337-w