Abstract
This study assessed the impact of the dietary inclusion of l-ascorbic acid and organic zinc (Availa-Zn) on heat-stressed Japanese quails. Growth performance, antioxidant status, immune status, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and some blood biochemical parameters were assessed. One-day-old, unsexed Japanese quail chicks (n = 240) were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments (6 replicates per treatment; 10 birds per replicate). Birds were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet (control treatment) with different supplemental levels of l-ascorbic acid and/or Availa-Zn (200 mg l-ascorbic acid/kg diet, 62 mg Availa-Zn/kg diet, and 200 mg l-ascorbic acid + 62 mg Availa-Zn/kg diet) from July to August 2020 for 35 days. The average minimum and maximum ambient temperatures varied from 85.4 to 98.8 °F, and the relative humidity was between 69 and 74%. Supplemented l-ascorbic acid and Availa-Zn, either as separate supplements or as combined supplements, increased bird growth performance, blood hemoglobin, thyroid hormones, total protein, globulin, total antioxidant capacity, HSP70, catalase, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, and immunoglobulin A and G (P < 0.05), while heterophil/lymphocytes decreased (P < 0.01) during the entire rearing period (1–35 days). Most of the assessed parameters showed stronger responses when l-ascorbic acid and Availa-Zn were added together, which may suggest a synergistic effect. In conclusion, the combined supplementation of l-ascorbic acid and Availa-Zn at 200 and 62 mg/kg, respectively, could be considered an efficient dietary supplement to enhance Japanese quail growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status, and general health under heat stress conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Santhi D, Kalaikannan A (2017) Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) meat: characteristics and value addition. World’s Poultry Sci J 73:337–344
Lara L, Rostagno M (2013) Impact of heat stress on poultry production. Animals 3:356–369
Abu-Dieyeh Z (2006) Effect of chronic heat stress and long-term feed restriction on broiler performance. Int J Poult Sci 5:185–190
Horváth M, Babinszky L (2018) Impact of selected antioxidant vitamins (Vitamin A, E and C) and micro minerals (Zn, Se) on the antioxidant status and performance under high environmental temperature in poultry. A review. Acta Agric Scand Sect A Anim Sci 68:152–160
Prasad AS, Kucuk O (2002) Zinc in cancer prevention. Cancer Metastasis Rev 21:291–295
Sahin K, Smith M, Onderci M, Sahin N, Gursu M, Kucuk O (2005) Supplementation of zinc from organic or inorganic source improves performance and antioxidant status of heat-distressed quail. Poul Sci 84:882–887
Sahin K, Kucuk O (2003) Zinc supplementation alleviates heat stress in laying Japanese quail. J Nutr 133:2808–2811
Cruz V, Fernandez I (2011) Effect of organic selenium and zinc on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails. Br J Poult Sci 13:91–95
Sahin K, Onderci M, Sahin N, Gulcu F, Yıldız N, Avcı M, Kucuk O (2006) Responses of quail to dietary vitamin E and zinc picolinate at different environmental temperatures. Anim Feed Sci Tech 129:39–48
Feng J, Ma W, Niu H, Wu X, Wang Y (2010) Effects of zinc glycine chelate on growth, hematological, and immunological characteristics in broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 133:203–211
Gouda A, Amer SA, Gabr S, Tolba SA (2020) Effect of dietary supplemental ascorbic acid and folic acid on the growth performance, redox status, and immune status of broiler chickens under heat stress. Trop Anim Health Prod 52:2987–2996
Ghazi S, Amjadian T, Norouzi S (2015) Single and combined effects of vitamin C and oregano essential oil in diet, on growth performance, and blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress condition. Int J Biometeorol 59:1019–1024
Sahin K, Onderci M, Sahin N, Gursu M, Kucuk O (2003) Dietary vitamin C and folic acid supplementation ameliorates the detrimental effects of heat stress in Japanese quail. J Nutr 133:1882–1886
Sahin N, Onderci M, Sahin K, Gursu M, Smith M (2004) Ascorbic acid and melatonin reduce heat-induced performance inhibition and oxidative stress in Japanese quails. Br Poul Sci 45:116–122
Al-Masad M (2012) Effect of vitamin C and zinc on broilers performance of immunocompetence under heat stress. Asian J Anim Sci 6:76–84
Salim H, Jo C, Lee B (2008) Zinc in broiler feeding and nutrition. Avian Biol Res 1:5–18
Star L, Van der Klis J, Rapp C, Ward T (2012) Bioavailability of organic and inorganic zinc sources in male broilers. Poult Sci 91:3115–3120
National Research Council (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th ed. National Academic Press, Washington, DC
Jarraud M (2008) Guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation (WMO-No. 8). World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva
Brody S (1945) Bioenergetics and growth; with special reference to the efficiency complex in domestic animals. Reinhold Publishing Corp
Onyishi GC, Oguine CC, Nwani SI, Aguzie IO, Nwani CD (2017) Haematological parameters dynamics of developing Gallus gallus domesticus. Anim Res Int 14:2769–2776
Doumas BT, Bayse DD, Carter RJ, Peters T Jr, Schaffer R (1981) A candidate reference method for determination of total protein in serum. I. Development and validation. Clini Chem 27:1642–1650
Janaszewska A, Bartosz G (2002) Assay of total antioxidant capacity: comparison of four methods as applied to human blood plasma. Scandi J Clin Lab Invest 62:231–236
Kraljević P, Šimpraga M, Miljanić S, Vilić M (2008) Changes in serum enzyme activity as an indicator of injuries in irradiated chickens. Periodi Biol 110:69–72
Tiemann U, Brüssow KP, Jonas L, Pohland R, Schneider F, Danicke S (2006) Effects of diets with cereal grains contaminated by graded levels of two Fusarium toxins on selected immunological and histological measurements in the spleen of gilts. J Anim Sci 84:236–245
Lohakare J, Ryu M, Hahn TW, Lee J, Chae B (2005) Effects of supplemental ascorbic acid on the performance and immunity of commercial broilers. J Appl Poult Res 14:10–19
Salgueiro MJ, Zubillaga M, Lysionek A, Sarabia MI, Caro R, De Paoli T, Hager A, Weill R, Boccio J (2000) Zinc as an essential micronutrient: a review. Nutr Res 20:737–755
Concannon CG, Gorman AM, Samali A (2003) On the role of Hsp27 in regulating apoptosis. Apoptosis 8:61–70
Hahn T, Lohakare J, Shim Y, Han K, Won H, Park Y, Chae B (2005) The effects of vitamin C-polyethylene glycol complex on growth performance and immunity in broiler chickens. J Anim Feed Sci 663:127
Osati-Ashtiani F, King L, Fraker P (1998) Variance in the resistance of murine early bone marrow B cells to a deficiency in zinc. Immunology 94:94
Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N (2019) Nutrition and immunity. Springer, Cham, Switzerland
Landex N, Thomsen J, Kayser L (2006) Methimazole increases H2O2 toxicity in human thyroid epithelial cells. Acta histochem 108:431–439
Yahav S (1999) The effect of constant and diurnal cyclic temperatures on performance and blood system of young turkeys. J Therm Biol 24:71–78
Kucuk O, Sahin N, Sahin K (2003) Supplemental zinc and vitamin A can alleviate negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. Biolo Trace Eleme Rese 94:225–235
Ezzat W, Shoeib M, Mousa S, Bealish A, Ibrahiem Z (2011) Impact of betaine, vitamin C and folic acid supplementations to the diet on productive and reproductive performance of Matrouh poultry strain under Egyptian summer condition. Egypt J Poul Sci 3:521–537
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank their respected universities and institutes.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
A. G., M. M. E., and S. A. T. designed the study plan. A. G. and M. M. E. conducted the research work and collected the data. S. A. T. analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Statement
The ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Zagazig University, Egypt (Approval No. ZU-IACUC/2/F/115/2020).
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gouda, A., Tolba, S.A. & El-Moniary, M.M. Zinc and l-Ascorbic Acid Dietary Supplementation Affected Antioxidant Status, Heat Shock Protein 70, and Some Immunoglobulins in Japanese Quail Under Heat Stress Conditions. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 2889–2896 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02884-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02884-y