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An ionic liquid-assisted quantum dot-grafted covalent organic framework-based multi-dimensional sensing array for discrimination of insecticides using principal component analysis and clustered heat map

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Abstract

A robust multi-dimensional sensing array based on VBimBF4B/MAA-anchored quantum dot (QD)-grafted covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [(V-M)/QD-grafted COFs] was established via one-pot strategy. The multi-dimensional sensing array has the outstanding advantages of physicochemical and thermal stability, large specific surface area, and regular pore structures. The assistance of ionic liquid VBimBF4B enhanced the transduction efficiency, and the synergistic effect of COFs enhanced detection efficiency. The improved multi-dimensional sensing array by COFs and ionic liquid VBimBF4B served to identify seven insecticides by non-specific interactions via hydrogen bonding, and the differences in the kinetics of the binding to the insecticides resulted in variation of the three-output channel (fluorescence, phosphorescence, and light scattering) signals, thus generating a distinct optical fingerprint. The unique fingerprint patterns of seven kinds of common insecticides at 200 μg L−1 were successfully discriminated using principal component analysis and clustered heat map analysis. The multi-dimensional sensing array showed a response to seven insecticides based on three spectral channels over the range of 0.001–0.4 μg mL−1 with a limit of detection of 1.08–18.68 μg L−1. The spiked recovery of tap water was 79.86–134.22%, with RSD ranging from 0.89–14.9%. This study broadens the applications of sensing arrays technology and provides a promising building block for insecticide determination.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31822040), the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1602300), and the Young Top-Notch Talent of High-Level Innovation and Entrepreneurs Support Program (No. 2017000026833ZK28).

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  1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China

    Ying Zhang, Dianwei Zhang, Yuan Zhao, Xinyue Yuan, Huilin Liu, Jing Wang & Baoguo Sun

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  1. Ying Zhang
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  2. Dianwei Zhang
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  3. Yuan Zhao
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Correspondence to Huilin Liu or Jing Wang.

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Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Zhao, Y. et al. An ionic liquid-assisted quantum dot-grafted covalent organic framework-based multi-dimensional sensing array for discrimination of insecticides using principal component analysis and clustered heat map. Microchim Acta 188, 298 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-04936-5

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