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Antiplasmodial Effect of Nano Dendrimer G2 Loaded with Chloroquine in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei

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A Correction to this article was published on 25 November 2021

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Abstract

Background

Malaria is a parasitic lethal disease caused by Plasmodium protozoa. The resistance and drugs’ side effects have led to numerous researches for alternative suitable drugs with better efficiency and lower toxicity

Purpose

In the present study, we investigated in vivo antimalarial effects of G2 linear dendrimer-based nano-chloroquine.

Methods

After the preparation of nano dendrimer G2, chloroquine loading was done. Determine the characterization of particles were specified by DLS, SLS and SEM. The LC–MS and FTIR were used for verifying the nano dendrimer G2 and the loading of chloroquine into the compound. The Solubility N-chloroquine and measurement of drug release rate were done. Antiplasmodial activity of N-chloroquine on BALB/c mice was performed by the microscope and enzymatic methods. At the end, In vivo toxicity of N-chloroquine on tissues was assayed. The RBC morphology and enzyme levels were identified.

Results

The results showed the synthesized N-chloroquine had suitable size and solubility. Highest inhibitory effect on Plasmodium parasitic growth was observed at 16 mg/kg dose of N-chloroquine, which eliminated 95% of the parasites (p > 0.05). ED50 is observed at 7.7 mg/kg of N-chloroquine dose. Biochemical findings showed the synthesized N-chloroquine was safer than chloroquine. The N-chloroquine no adverse effects were observed in examined tissues.

Conclusion

Due to the better effect of the synthesized N-chloroquine on Plasmodium berghei in mice compared to chloroquine, this nanoparticle can be considered as an effective anti-plasmodium compound while more comprehensive research is recommended.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Tehran University of Medical Sciences for carrying out the studies.

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Iran University of Medical Sciences (96-04-30-32279) for providing the necessary funding for this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Laboratory Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran

    Taher Elmi

  2. Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani & Mohammad Seyyed hamzeh

  3. Department of Pharmacology and Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Manijeh Motevalian

  4. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

    Ali Kalantari Hesari

  5. Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Zamani

  6. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Tabatabaie

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  1. Taher Elmi
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  2. Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
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  3. Manijeh Motevalian
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  4. Ali Kalantari Hesari
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  5. Mohammad Seyyed hamzeh
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Contributions

TE, MSA: conceived, analyzed data, and designed the study; TE, AKH, MSH: performed experiments, provided samples; FT, ZZ, MM: supervised, and wrote the paper.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zahra Zamani or Fatemeh Tabatabaie.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standards

Performing the procedures required for the study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Medicine (Iran University of Medical Sciences). The code of: IR.IUMS.FMD.REC.1396. 9321577004 was designated for the study which was in accordance with the Declaration and Guidelines.

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The manuscript is approved by all authors for publication.

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The original online version of this article was revised: The addresses of the authors Taher Elmi and Ali Kalantari Hesari have been corrected.

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Elmi, T., Ardestani, M.S., Motevalian, M. et al. Antiplasmodial Effect of Nano Dendrimer G2 Loaded with Chloroquine in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei. Acta Parasit. 67, 298–308 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00459-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00459-4

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