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Surgical outcomes in the pheochromocytoma surgery. Results from the PHEO-RISK STUDY

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Abstract

Purpose

To identify presurgical and surgical risk factors for postsurgical complications in the pheochromocytoma surgery.

Methods

A retrospective study of pheochromocytomas submitted to surgery in ten Spanish hospitals between 2011 and 2021. Postoperative complications were classified according to Clavien-Dindo scale.

Results

One hundred and sixty-two surgeries (159 patients) were included. Preoperative antihypertensive blockade was performed in 95.1% of the patients, being doxazosin in monotherapy (43.8%) the most frequent regimen. Patients pre-treated with doxazosin required intraoperative hypotensive treatment more frequently (49.4% vs 25.0%, P = 0.003) than patients treated with phenoxybenzamine, but no differences in the rate of intraoperative and postsurgical complications were observed. However, patients treated with phenoxybenzamine had a longer hospital stay (12.2 ± 11.16 vs 6.2 ± 6.82, P < 0.001) than those treated with doxazosin. Hypertension resolution was observed in 78.7% and biochemical cure in 96.6% of the patients. Thirty-one patients (19.1%) had postsurgical complications. Prolonged hypotension was the most common, in 9.9% (n = 16), followed by hypoglycaemia in six patients and acute renal failure in four patients. 13.0% of complications had a score ≥3 in the Clavien-Dindo scale. Postsurgical complications were more common in patients with diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, higher plasma glucose levels, higher urinary free metanephrine and norepinephrine, and with pheochromocytomas larger than 5 cm.

Conclusion

Preoperative medical treatment and postsurgical monitoring of pheochromocytoma should be especially careful in patients with diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, higher levels of plasma glucose and urine free metanephrine and norepinephrine, and with pheochromocytomas >5 cm, due to the higher risk of postsurgical complications.

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Correspondence to Marta Araujo-Castro.

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All procedures performed in the participants of the study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethical committee of the Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. Spain (approval date: 22th April 2021, ACTA 411).

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Araujo-Castro, M., García Centero, R., López-García, MC. et al. Surgical outcomes in the pheochromocytoma surgery. Results from the PHEO-RISK STUDY. Endocrine 74, 676–684 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02843-6

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