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Nephroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extract from Persea americana seeds against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

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Abstract

Cadmium is a toxic metal and poses a high environmental risk to animals and humans, alike. It is thus pertinent to search for medicinal plants in protecting against cadmium toxicity. This study aims at investigating the ability of aqueous extract of Persea americana seeds (AEPA) in ameliorating the toxic effects of cadmium in the kidneys of cadmium-exposed Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were grouped into five, of six animals each. Different groups of animals received normal saline (control group), 200 mg/kg body weight AEPA, 400 mg/kg AEPA, and standard drug, Livolin Forte, respectively. A last group of animals was left untreated. To induce toxicity, all animals, except the control group, were exposed to cadmium (200 mg/L, as CdCl2) in their main drinking water for 21 days. Biochemical analysis of serum kidney markers, oxidative stress and antioxidant status, as well as anti-inflammatory activities, was done using standard methods and kits. In silico analysis was performed on phytochemicals reported to be abundant in AEPA. Treatment with 400 mg/kg AEPA significantly reversed (P ≤ 0.05) the adverse effect of cadmium on serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen, and restored (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant status, evidenced by its significant effect on superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation activities. AEPA, at 400 mg/kg also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects, which was shown by reduced interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor α activities. Molecular docking of phytochemicals with the selected protein target also confirmed the therapeutic potential of AEPA. The study concluded that aqueous extract of AEPA protects against cadmium-induced kidney toxicity and inflammation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Management of University of Zululand, South Africa and Afe Babalola University for infrastructural, laboratory and animal facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria

    Olukemi Adetutu Osukoya, Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye, Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye & Kehinde Ayooluwabomi Olokode

  2. Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa

    Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye

  3. Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria

    Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye & Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye

  4. Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University-Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria

    Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye

  5. Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Henry A. Adeola

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  1. Olukemi Adetutu Osukoya
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Correspondence to Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye.

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All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (19/ABUADSCI/010) of Afe Babalola University, Nigeria. All experimental protocols were carried out in strict compliance with ethical approval.

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Osukoya, O.A., Oyinloye, B.E., Ajiboye, B.O. et al. Nephroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extract from Persea americana seeds against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Biometals 34, 1141–1153 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-021-00333-w

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