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Characteristic study of exfoliated graphene particles from waste batteries

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Abstract

Waste batteries (AA and AAA models) pose a major concern in waste disposal, and the graphite electrodes in them are also sources for graphene production. Here, solution-based exfoliation is followed to exfoliate graphene using various electrolytes where we observe sulfate-based electrolytes to be more efficient. Solution-based graphene, on Raman spectroscopic analysis, confirms a monolayer, highly conductive graphene (G1) of size ~ 24 nm with fewer defects and low oxidation levels. This graphene (G1) is converted to powder form and characterized using UV spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FESEM-EDS. Among the as-prepared graphene powders, a multi-layered, amorphous graphene powder (GP2) having a d-spacing of 3.7 Å with 80% carbon was the pre-eminent sample reported. GP2 with large graphene films finds its applications in a variety of fields.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank SSN College of Engineering for their financial assistance in completing this research work. We acknowledge the HRTEM FACILITY at SRMIST set up with support from MNRE (Project No. 31/03/2014-15/PVSE-R&D),Government of India. We acknowledge SRM institute of Science and Technology for providing “micro-Raman FACILITY”. We acknowledge the XRD FACILITY at SRMIST set up with support from MNRE (Project No. 31/03/2014-15/PVSE-R&D),Government of India. We acknowledge Nanotechnology Research Centre (NRC), SRMIST for providing the research facilities.

Funding

This study was funded by SSN College of Engineering.

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Contributions

BK: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft preparation; KSK: project administration, validation, funding acquisition, supervision; KB: resources, writing—review & editing; SM: visualization; SS: investigation; VV: investigation; MA: investigation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bogeshwaran Karunanithi.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Karunanithi, B., Kumar, K.S., Balakrishnan, K. et al. Characteristic study of exfoliated graphene particles from waste batteries. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 38, 915–927 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00138-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00138-x

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