Research and EducationInfluence of surface modification of titanium implants on improving osseointegration: An in vitro study
Section snippets
Material and methods
Medical-grade commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) (grade 4) was used in the study. Twenty-eight disks (20×15×2 mm) were prepared by wet milling. All specimens were acid-etched with 67% (w/w) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at 1200 °C for 75 seconds. After acid etching, the disks were cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner (Ultrasonic Cleaner C-4820; Unicorn Denmart) in acetone for 5 minutes followed by distilled water for 10 minutes at room temperature. The Ti surface was composed primarily of carbon (C),
Results
The contact angle was used to measure hydrophilicity (Table 1). The lowest contact angle was seen in PG (13.52 ±0.90 degrees), and the highest in AG (70.54 ±1.72 degrees). The Tukey HSD test showed a significant (P< .001) difference in the hydrophilicity of the specimens for all groups except between PG and MG (Tables 2 and 3 and Figs. 1 and 2).
Cell growth on titanium disks (n=14) was assessed by measuring the number of cells per cm2 as shown in Table 4. The highest number of cells per cm2 was
Discussion
After surface modification, UV photofunctionalization and biomimetic changes improved hydrophilicity and cell growth. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected.
The percentage bone-to-titanium contact has been reported to be 50% to 65%, much less than the ideal value of 100%.8,9 Incomplete fixation or early or late destructive changes at the bone-implant interface is the most common cause of implant failure.26, 27, 28 The surface properties of the implant are the determining factor for its
Conclusions
Based on the findings of this in vitro study, the following conclusions were drawn:
- 1.
With time, the hydrophilicity and surface-cell interaction of titanium surface were reduced. This may be because of hydrocarbons on the titanium surface.
- 2.
UV treatment improved the hydrophilicity, cell adhesion, migration, and growth for both control and aged groups. The findings showed that the UV treatment of titanium surfaces not only improved the physicochemical properties of titanium surfaces but also
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Mohini Gajiwala: Conceptualization, Software, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Resources. Jyoti Paliwal: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Supervision, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Syed Yawer Husain: Supervision, Visualization. Ashish Dadarwal: Supervision, Visualization. Rajni Kalla: Supervision, Visualization. Vineet Sharma: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Visualization. Meenakshi
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