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Established and Emerging Producers of PHA: Redefining the Possibility

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Abstract

The polyhydroxyalkanoate was discovered almost around a century ago. Still, all the efforts to replace the traditional non-biodegradable plastic with much more environmentally friendly alternative are not enough. While the petroleum-based plastic is like a parasite, taking over the planet rapidly and without any feasible cure, its perennial presence has made the ocean a floating island of life-threatening debris and has flooded the landfills with toxic towering mountains. It demands for an immediate solution; most resembling answer would be the polyhydroxyalkanoates. The production cost is yet one of the significant challenges that various corporate is facing to replace the petroleum-based plastic. To deal with the economic constrain better strain, better practices, and a better market can be adopted for superior results. It demands for systems for polyhydroxyalkanoate production namely bacteria, yeast, microalgae, and transgenic plants. Solely strains affect more than 40% of overall production cost, playing a significant role in both upstream and downstream processes. The highly modifiable nature of the biopolymer provides the opportunity to replace the petroleum plastic in almost all sectors from food packaging to medical industry. The review will highlight the recent advancements and techno-economic analysis of current commercial models of polyhydroxyalkanoate production. Bio-compatibility and the biodegradability perks to be utilized highly efficient in the medical applications gives ample reason to tilt the scale in the favor of the polyhydroxyalkanoate as the new conventional and sustainable plastic.

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Abbreviations

PHA:

Polyhydroxyalkanoate

PHB:

Polyhydroxybutyrate

PHV:

Polyhydroxyvelarate

PHHx:

Polyhydroxyhexanoate

PHD:

Polyhydroxydecanoate

PHO:

Polyhydroxyoctanoate

PHTD:

Polyhydroxytetradecanoate

PLA:

Polylactic acid

STR:

Stirring tank reactor

CDM:

Cell dried mass

BOD:

Biochemical oxygen demand

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

Scl-PHA:

Small chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate

Mcl-PHA:

Medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate

Lcl-PHA:

Long chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate

RBS:

Ribosome binding site

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

HPH:

High pressure homogenization

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Funding

This study is funded by Prof. Prem Kumar Khosla, Hon’ble Chancellor, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, and Foundation for Life Sciences and Business Management (FLSBM), Solan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India

    Shivam Bhola, Kanika Arora, Saurabh Kulshrestha, Parneet Kaur & Pradeep Kumar

  2. Department of Chemistry, Umea University, 90187, Umea, Sweden

    Sanjeet Mehariya

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, India

    Ravi Kant Bhatia

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  1. Shivam Bhola
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  2. Kanika Arora
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  3. Saurabh Kulshrestha
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  4. Sanjeet Mehariya
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  5. Ravi Kant Bhatia
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  6. Parneet Kaur
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  7. Pradeep Kumar
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Shivam Bhola, Kanika Arora, and Pradeep Kumar; formal analysis: Saurabh Kulshrestha, Sanjeet Mehariya, Ravi Kant Bhatia, Parneet Kaur, and Pradeep Kumar; data curation: Ravi Kant Bhatia, Pradeep Kumar, and Saurabh Kulshrestha; writing—original draft preparation: Shivam Bhola, Kanika Arora, and Pradeep Kumar; writing—review and editing: Shivam Bhola, Pradeep Kumar, and Sanjeet Mehariya. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pradeep Kumar.

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Bhola, S., Arora, K., Kulshrestha, S. et al. Established and Emerging Producers of PHA: Redefining the Possibility. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 193, 3812–3854 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03626-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03626-5

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