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Toyo virus, a novel member of the Kaisodi group in the genus Uukuvirus (family Phenuiviridae) found in Haemaphysalis formosensis ticks in Japan

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Abstract

Ticks are important vector arthropods that transmit various pathogens to humans and other animals. Tick-borne viruses are of particular concern to public health as these are major agents of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. The Phenuiviridae family of tick-borne viruses is one of the most diverse groups and includes important human pathogenic viruses such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Phenuivirus-like sequences were detected during the surveillance of tick-borne viruses using RNA virome analysis from a pooled sample of Haemaphysalis formosensis ticks collected in Ehime, Japan. RT-PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing revealed the nearly complete viral genome sequence of all three segments. Comparisons of the viral amino acid sequences among phenuiviruses indicated that the detected virus shared 46%–70% sequence identity with known members of the Kaisodi group in the genus Uukuvirus. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the viral proteins showed that the virus formed a cluster with the Kaisodi group viruses, suggesting that this was a novel virus, which was designated “Toyo virus” (TOYOV). Further investigation of TOYOV is needed, and it will contribute to understanding the natural history and the etiological importance of the Kaisodi group viruses.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants-in-aid for the Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases from Japan Agency for Medical Research and development (AMED) Grant Numbers JP20fk0108067 and JP21fk0108613, Regulatory Science Research from Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Grant Number 20KC1001, and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP18H02856, JP18K19220, and JP20K15671.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan

    Daisuke Kobayashi, Astri Nur Faizah, Yukiko Higa, Toshihiko Hayashi, Kyoko Sawabe & Haruhiko Isawa

  2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari City, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan

    Ryusei Kuwata

  3. Meat Inspection Center of Ehime Prefecture, 410 Kou, Haruka, Ozu City, Ehime, 795-0046, Japan

    Toshiya Kimura

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  3. Toshiya Kimura
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  5. Yukiko Higa
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  8. Haruhiko Isawa
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Correspondence to Haruhiko Isawa.

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Kobayashi, D., Kuwata, R., Kimura, T. et al. Toyo virus, a novel member of the Kaisodi group in the genus Uukuvirus (family Phenuiviridae) found in Haemaphysalis formosensis ticks in Japan. Arch Virol 166, 2751–2762 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05193-w

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