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New alien and native Ektaphelenchid nematodes (Tylenchomorpha: Ektaphelenchinae) from China with details on host association and geographical distribution

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Abstract

Ektaphelenchids are entomophilic nematode species, commonly found in association with insects. In the present study, an alien and a native Chinese ektaphelenchid species were described based on integrative taxonomic approaches. Both species have three lateral lines and excretory pore at the same level or posterior to nerve ring. The alien species to China is Ektaphelenchus apophysatus sp. nov. which was recovered from the logs of imported Pinus taeda at Ningbo port, China. It was characterized by females having a conical posterior body end (tail) with variable morphology of the tip, i.e., sharply pointed, bluntly rounded or irregular, and males with spicules having a characteristic apophysis and two pairs of caudal papillae. The native species is Ektaphelenchoides zingiberis sp. nov. which was recovered from the rhizosphere of ginger, growing in the cultivated areas of Shandong province. Ektaphelenchoides zingiberis sp. nov. can be characterized by the presence of orange-red coloured particles in the intestine, female posterior body region (tail) conical, ending to an elongate slender to clavate terminus. The host associations, insect vectors and distribution of both genera are also outlined in the present study. The study will aid the nematologists to explore the biological aspects of ektaphelenchids and will be useful to investigate the nature of relationships between nematodes and their insect associates.

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Notes

  1. * The species name derived based on the presence of special structure on male spicule i.e., apophysis = apophysatus in Latin.

  2. * The species name derived from the host from which it was isolated i.e., Zingiber officinale

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Peng Zhang for providing the ginger sample, and Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete (IAS-CSIC) for the excellent technical assistance in sequence editing, and further anonymous reviewers and editors for their effort in reviewing the manuscript and helping improve this study.

Funding

This research was funded by the Ningbo Science and Technology Innovation Team (2015C110018), China Customs Science Program (2020HK161), and Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation (LY19C140003).

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  1. Ningbo Customs Technology Center (Ningbo Inspection and Quarantine Science Technology Academy), 8 Huikang Road, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Jianfeng Gu

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada

    Maria Munawar

  3. Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain

    Juan Emilio Palomares-Rius & Pablo Castillo

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Gu, J., Munawar, M., Palomares-Rius, J.E. et al. New alien and native Ektaphelenchid nematodes (Tylenchomorpha: Ektaphelenchinae) from China with details on host association and geographical distribution. Eur J Plant Pathol 161, 123–145 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02308-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02308-6

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