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Effect of ECAP on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of TiO2 Nanotubes Anodized on Commercially Pure Titanium

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Abstract

Despite many advantages of titanium, such as proper mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, it has two main weaknesses; low tensile strength compared to other metallic biomaterials, and inadequate osseointegration owing to its bioinert spontaneous surface oxide layer. Grain refinement using Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) has been preferred as a desirable method to enhance low tensile strength. In addition, osseointegration could be improved by electrochemical oxidation (anodization), resulting in titania nanotubes formation on titanium surface. The latter has been extensively studied on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), and the formed nanotubes have been well characterized. However, a thorough observation on anodic nanotubes of ECAP-processed coarse-grained pure titanium (CG-Ti) is missing. In this research, we aimed to investigate the surface characteristics and cytotoxicity of anodic TiO2 nanotubes on ECAP-processed CP-Ti substrate compared to that of CG-Ti. The results generally showed superior use of nanotubes anodized on ECAP-ed CP-Ti substrates over that of coarse-grained ones. We acquired ultrafine-grained titanium (UFG-Ti) by ECAP, and synthesized anodic nanotube arrays on both UFG-Ti and CG-Ti at different times and voltages. We compared the resulted nanotubes’ morphologies, physicochemical and biological properties, in which cell culture on anodic TiO2 nanotubes of ECAP-ed CP-Ti has been performed for the first time by this research. FESEM results showed relatively lower diameter and longer nanotubes for UFG-Ti samples rather than CG-Ti ones. Nanotubes of both substrates were amorphous, and CG-Ti nanotubes were more hydrophilic than UFG-Ti nanotubes. Enhanced cell viability and proliferation were achieved on ECAP-ed CP-Ti anodic TiO2 nanotubes.

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The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, 1591634311, Iran

    Yalda Chehrehsaz & Afra Hadjizadeh

  2. Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran

    Kaveh Hajizadeh

  3. Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, 10012, NY, USA

    Lida Moradi

  4. The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, 10012, NY, USA

    Lida Moradi

  5. Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, QC, Canada

    Sara Mahshid

Authors
  1. Yalda Chehrehsaz
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  2. Kaveh Hajizadeh
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  3. Afra Hadjizadeh
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  4. Lida Moradi
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  5. Sara Mahshid
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Correspondence to Afra Hadjizadeh.

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Chehrehsaz, Y., Hajizadeh, K., Hadjizadeh, A. et al. Effect of ECAP on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of TiO2 Nanotubes Anodized on Commercially Pure Titanium. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 1525–1535 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01003-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01003-9

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