Abstract
Photodamage of photosystem II is a significant physiological process that is prevalent in the fields of photobiology, photosynthesis research and plant/algal stress. Since its discovery, numerous efforts have been devoted to determine the causes and mechanisms of action of photosystem II photodamage. There are two contrasting hypotheses to explain photodamage: (1) the excitation pressure induced by light absorption by the photosynthetic pigments and (2) direct photodamage of the Mn cluster located at the water-splitting site, which is independent of excitation pressure. While these two hypotheses seemed mutually exclusive, during the last decade, several independent works have proposed an alternative approach indicating that both hypotheses are valid. This was termed the dual hypothesis of photosystem II photodamage, and it postulates that both excess excitation and direct Mn photodamage operate at the same time, independently or in a synergic manner, depending on the type of sample, temperature, light spectrum, or other environmental stressors. In this mini-review, a brief summary of the contrasting hypotheses is presented, followed by recapitulation of key discoveries in the field of photosystem II photodamage of the last decade, and a synthesis of how these works support a full hybrid framework (operation of several mechanisms and their permutations) to explain PSII photodamage. All these are in recognition of Prof. Wah Soon Chow (the Australian National University), one of the key proposers of the dual hypothesis.
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Abbreviations
- PSII:
-
Photosystem II
- NPQ:
-
Non-photochemical quenching
- k PI :
-
Rate coefficient of photo-inactivation
- PFD :
-
Photon flux density
- DCMU:
-
3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
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Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to Prof. Wah Soon Chow, Prof. Dayong Fan, Dr. Milan Szabo, Dr. Harvey Bates, Dr. Duncan Fitzpatrick and Mr. Cristian Mancilla for proofreading this manuscript and for his insightful discussions about PSII photodamage. Alonso Zavafer is a pseudonym for Alonso Zavaleta Fernández de Córdova
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Alonso Zavafer is a guest Editor in this special issue in honour to Wah Soon Chow. Despite this relationship, he did not at any stage have editor-level access to this manuscript while in peer review, as is the standard practice when handling manuscripts submitted by an editor to this journal. The author has no further conflicts of interest to declare.
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Zavafer, A. A theoretical framework of the hybrid mechanism of photosystem II photodamage. Photosynth Res 149, 107–120 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-021-00843-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-021-00843-1