* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
E-mail: gangwu@buffalo.edu

^b Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
E-mail: spendelow@lanl.gov

^c Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
E-mail: jiaxie@iupui.edu

^d Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
E-mail: soohwang@bnl.gov

^e Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA

^f Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA

^g Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
E-mail: dmyers@anl.gov

^h Giner Inc., Newton, Massachusetts 02466, USA