Abstract
Foodborne viral illnesses are frequent worldwide and costly for the society. Human norovirus is one of the most common causal agents. Although some norovirus genotypes can now be cultured, surrogates are still used for inactivation studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different organic loads individually (artificial feces, real fecal matter, ASTM tripartite organic load, fetal bovine serum) on the efficacy of three highly used sanitization treatments (thermal inactivation, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite treatment) using murine norovirus 3 in solutions and surfaces. Based on plaque-forming units, we show that organic matter protects murine norovirus 3 against thermal inactivation (viral reduction of ~ 1 log compared to 2.67 with PBS). However, there was a low-level but significant protection against peracetic acid (viral reduction of ~ 2 log compared to 2.85 with PBS) and none in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. Our study showed that the tested organic matters do not behave similarly depending on the treatments, especially with heat treatments, which showed a higher protection. Furthermore, Feclone ™ artificial feces mimicked some aspect of real fecal matter and may be used instead. Our results will be helpful to researchers undertaking viral inactivation studies in which an organic matrix is used to simulate actual conditions of human norovirus environment.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, STPGP350513-07) and the Fond Québécois de Recherche du Québec sur la Nature et les Technologies (FRQNT) for providing the financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. M.G. was awarded a scholarship from FRQNT.
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The study was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, STPGP350513-07) and the Fond Québécois de Recherche du Québec sur la Nature et les Technologies (FRQNT).
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EJ improved the original manuscript, analyzed the results, and designed all figures. MG helped plan the experiments and performed most of the experiments. MTF helped with the result figures, analysis and revised the manuscript. IF took part in the planning of the study and revised the manuscript. JJ was the principal investigator of the study, supervised the work of the students and revised the manuscript.
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Jubinville, E., Girard, M., Trudel-Ferland, M. et al. Inactivation of Murine Norovirus Suspended in Organic Matter Simulating Actual Conditions of Viral Contamination. Food Environ Virol 13, 544–552 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-021-09493-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-021-09493-x