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Gamma-linolenic Acid from Fifty-seven Ribes Species and Cultivars

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Abstract

γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) is a bioactive fatty acid (FA) that exerts several healthy actions; however, its occurrence is restricted to a few oils. The goal of this study was to detect GLA-rich Ribes species and cultivars (cv), and to achieve this the seeds of 7 Ribes taxa and 50 Ribes cv were surveyed for FA profiles. The highest GLA percentages were found in R. nigrum cv 'Plotnokistnaya', 'Volshebnica', 'Atlant' and 'Nara' (22.6, 22.1, 20.9, and 20.0% of total FA, respectively) and also in R. komarovii (19.6%) and R. nigrum var. sibiricum (18.3%). Stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) had the highest values in both R. rubrum 'Konstantinovskaya' and R. niveum 'Smolyaninovskaya' (4.8%). GLA content ranged from 0.4 in some R. rubrum cv and R. niveum 'Smolyaninovskaya' to 3.5 g/100 g seeds in R. nigrum 'Plotnokistnaya'. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using PUFA profiles, which allowed grouping Ribes sections as well as black currant cv derived from different pedigree within the section Coreosma. All taxa and cv checked here are valuable by-product sources, given the high GLA percentages contained in their seed oils. Such cv could be used for healthy oils production, as well as for breeding to obtain new cv with improved GLA concentrations.

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Data Availability

Data are available upon request.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

α-Linolenic acid

ARA:

Arachidonic acid

BC:

Black currant

CV:

Cultivar

D6D:

Δ6-Desaturase

DHGLA:

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid

FA:

Fatty acid

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl esters

GLA:

γ-Linolenic acid

LA:

Linoleic acid

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

OA:

Oleic acid

PA:

Palmitic acid

PC:

Principal component

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

SDA:

Stearidonic acid

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the botanical gardens listed in Supplementary Table 1 for providing plant material.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain

    Ekaterina Golovenko, Svetlana Lyashenko & José Luis Guil-Guerrero

  2. Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Winemaking, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127550, Moscow, Russia

    Svetlana Akimova

  3. Donetsk Botanical Garden, 83059, Donetsk, Ukraine, Donetsk People’s Republic

    Lyubov Mitina & Elena Mulenkova

  4. Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain

    El-Hassan Belarbi

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  1. Ekaterina Golovenko
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  2. Svetlana Lyashenko
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Correspondence to José Luis Guil-Guerrero.

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Golovenko, E., Lyashenko, S., Akimova, S. et al. Gamma-linolenic Acid from Fifty-seven Ribes Species and Cultivars. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 76, 385–393 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-021-00913-8

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