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Dietary self-care and hospital readmission among individuals with diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Background/Purpose

Diabetes mellitus is one of the main public health problems worldwide. One important strategy for increasing the effectiveness for controlling diabetes mellitus and preventing complications is self-care supported by healthcare professionals. The aim of the study was to analyze dietary self-care strategies performed by individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) after hospitalization and their possible influence on hospital readmissions.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the public health services qualified to hospitalize individuals with DM in a medium-sized municipality of Brazil. Adults were evaluated 24 months after discharge, assessing self-care strategies (dimensions: diet, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, foot care, medication, and smoking); and clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical measurements.

Results

A high death rate (33.7%) was verified after 24 months of hospitalization. Almost half (45.9%) of the 37 remaining patients were readmitted to hospital; however, during the 24 month period, only 42.0% received guidance about DM self-care from healthcare professionals. In the evaluation of dietary self-care, only 35.1% of the individuals reported taking care of their diet on 5 or more days a week. Individuals who adhered to self-care guided by health professionals presented twice the prevalence of not being readmitted to hospital (Prevalence ratio = 2.52; 1.27–5.01).

Conclusions

After hospital discharge, individuals with DM presented poor adherence to self-care, especially regarding diet. However, when these individuals adhered to nutritional guidance, there were fewer hospital readmissions. These results reinforce the importance of interdisciplinary educational actions for DM management. However, due to the small sample size because of the high mortality, further studies for this purpose should be conducted.

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Data availability

All materials used in this study are available.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais which provided financial aid to the translation of this manuscript into English language.

Funding

This work was supported by the Research Support Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais, FAPEMIG) [grant number 04390–10].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil

    Mariana Carvalho de Menezes & Hillary Nascimento Coletro

  2. Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Márcia Machado Cunha Ribeiro & Aline Cristine Souza Lopes

  3. Research Group in Epidemiology and Evaluation of New Technologies in Health, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil

    Cláudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira & Clareci Silva Cardoso

Authors
  1. Mariana Carvalho de Menezes
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  3. Hillary Nascimento Coletro
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  4. Cláudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira
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  5. Clareci Silva Cardoso
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  6. Aline Cristine Souza Lopes
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Contributions

Mariana Carvalho de Menezes—analysis and interpretation of data; drafting and critical review; and final approval. Márcia Machado Cunha Ribeiro—conception and study design; analysis and interpretation of data; drafting and critical review; and final approval. Hillary Nascimento Coletro—critical review and final approval. Cláudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira—conception and study design; data acquisition; critical review; and final approval. Clareci Silva Cardoso—conception and study design; data acquisition; critical review; and final approval. Aline Cristine Souza Lopes—conception and study design; interpretation of data; critical review; and final approval.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mariana Carvalho de Menezes.

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Ethics approval

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São João Del Rei (nº 258. 574) and all participants signed the written informed consent.

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All participants consented to participate as research volunteers, by signing the Informed Consent Form.

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Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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de Menezes, M.C., Ribeiro, M.M.C., Coletro, H.N. et al. Dietary self-care and hospital readmission among individuals with diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 42, 331–340 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-021-00978-w

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