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Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from secondary metabolite producing marine actinobacteria and evaluation of their biomedical potential

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Abstract

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from marine actinobacteria offers a promising avenue for exploring bacterial extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. We report extracellular extracts of Rhodococcus rhodochrous (MOSEL-ME29) and Streptomyces sp. (MOSEL-ME28), identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for synthesis of AgNPs. Ultrafine silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the extracts of R. rhodochrous and Streptomyces sp. and their possible therapeutic applications were studied. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were established by HR-SEM/TEM, SAED, UV–Vis, EDS, XRD, and FTIR. UV–Vis spectra displayed characteristic absorption at 430 nm and 412 nm for AgNPs from Streptomyces sp. (S-AgNPs) and Rhodococcus sp. (R-AgNPs), respectively. HR-SEM/TEM, XRD, EDS analysis confirmed the spherical shape, crystalline nature, and elemental formation of silver. Crystallite or grain size was deduced as 5.52 nm for R-AgNPs and 35 nm for S-AgNPs. Zeta-potential indicated electrostatic negative charge for AgNPs, while FTIR revealed the presence of diverse functional groups. Disc diffusion assay indicated the broad-spectrum antibacterial potential of S-AgNPs with the maximum inhibition of B. subtilis while R-AgNPs revealed potency against P. aeruginosa at 10 µg/mL concentration. Biogenic AgNPs revealed antileishmanial activity and the IC50 was calculated as 164 µg/mL and 184 µg/mL for R-AgNPs and S-AgNPs respectively. Similarly, the R-AgNPs and S-AgNPs revealed anti-cancer potential against HepG2 and the IC50 was calculated as 49 µg/mL and 69 µg/mL for R-AgNPs and S-AgNPs, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity showed significant results. MTT assay on RD cells, L20B cells, and Hep-2C indicated intensification in viability by reducing the concentration of R-AgNPs and S-AgNPs. The R-AgNPs and S-AgNPs inhibited sabin-like poliovirus (1TCID50 infection in RD cells). Furthermore, hemocompatibility at low concentrations has been confirmed. Hence, it is concluded that biogenic-AgNPs has the potential to be used in diverse biological applications and that the marine actinobacteria are an excellent resource for fabrication of AgNPs.

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Data availability

The accession numbers are available in the NCBI genebank as mentioned in the paper in the molecular identification section. Rhodococcus rhodochrous( MOSEL-ME29): MH217573; Streptomyces sp. (MOSEL-ME28): MH217572.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful for the assistance provided by the National Institute of Health-Pakistan, UNESCO UNISA Chair in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology-South Africa, University of Western Cape-South Africa, and Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad.

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  1. Ashia Alam and Faouzia Tanveer contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Ashia Alam, Faouzia Tanveer & Muhammad Ali

  2. Department of Pathology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Ali Talha Khalil

  3. UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

    Ali Talha Khalil, Saleh Khamlich & Malik Maaza

  4. Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET)-Materials Research Department, iThemba Labs, Cape Town, South Africa

    Ali Talha Khalil, Saleh Khamlich & Malik Maaza

  5. Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Tanzeel Zohra, Muhammad Masroor Alam, Muhammad Salman & Aamer Ikram

  6. WHO Regional Reference Laboratory of Polio Eradication Initiative, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Tanzeel Zohra & Zabta Khan Shinwari

  7. Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ali & Malik Maaza

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Contributions

Alam A and Tanveer F contributed equally in experimentation, data analysis, interpretation, and manuscript preparation. Khalil AT contributed to the physical characterization of nanoparticles, data interpretation, and overall manuscript review. Maaza M and Khamlich S facilitated the experimentation and analysis of structural techniques employed. Shinwari ZK and Ali M supervised the research and provided critical analysis of the written manuscript. Zohra T performed the antiviral assay and interpreted the results. Alam MM, Salman M, and Ikram A provided the facility for the antiviral assay and oversaw the antiviral data analysis and interpretation.

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Alam, A., Tanveer, F., Khalil, A.T. et al. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from secondary metabolite producing marine actinobacteria and evaluation of their biomedical potential. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 114, 1497–1516 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01616-5

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