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Pre-flight Calibration and Near-Earth Commissioning Results of the Mercury Plasma Particle Experiment (MPPE) Onboard MMO (Mio)

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Abstract

BepiColombo Mio (previously called MMO: Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter) was successfully launched by Ariane 5 from Kourou, French Guiana on October 20, 2018. The Mercury Plasma/Particle Experiment (MPPE) is a comprehensive instrument package onboard Mio spacecraft used for plasma, high-energy particle and energetic neutral atom measurements. It consists of seven sensors including two Mercury Electron Analyzers (MEA1 and MEA2), Mercury Ion Analyzer (MIA), Mass Spectrum Analyzer (MSA), High Energy Particle instrument for electron (HEP-ele), High Energy Particle instrument for ion (HEP-ion), and Energetic Neutrals Analyzer (ENA). Significant efforts were made pre-flight to calibrate all of the MPPE sensors at the appropriate facilities on the ground. High voltage commissioning of MPPE analyzers was successfully performed between June and August 2019 and in February 2020 following the completion of the low voltage commissioning in November 2018. Although all of the MPPE analyzers are now ready to begin observation, the full service performance has been delayed until Mio’s arrival at Mercury. Most of the fields of view (FOVs) of the MPPE analyzers are blocked by the thermal shield surrounding the Mio spacecraft during the cruising phase. Together with other instruments on Mio including Magnetic Field Investigation (MGF) and Plasma Wave Investigation (PWI) that measure plasma field parameters, MPPE will contribute to the comprehensive understanding of the plasma environment around Mercury when BepiColombo/Mio begins observation after arriving at the planet Mercury in December 2025.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank all the members of BepiColombo mission for their unstinted efforts in making the mission fruitful and for their valuable discussion on the specifications and operations of payload instruments including our MPPE sensors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

    Yoshifumi Saito, Takeshi Takashima, Kazushi Asamura, Masaki N. Nishino, Iku Shinohara, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Takefumi Mitani & Masaki Fujimoto

  2. LPP-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-Ecole Polytechnique, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France

    Dominique Delcourt, Frédéric Leblanc, Bruno Katra, Jean-Marie Illiano & Jean-Denis Techer

  3. LPP-CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-Sorbonne Université, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France

    Dominique Fontaine

  4. ISEE, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Masafumi Hirahara & Yoshizumi Miyoshi

  5. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, 98128, Kiruna, Sweden

    Stas Barabash, Martin Wieser, Yoshifumi Futaana, Manabu Shimoyama, Herman Andersson, Stefan Karlsson & Mats Holmström

  6. IRAP, CNRS, UPS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche, 31028, Toulouse, France

    Nicolas André, Jean-André Sauvaud, Philippe Louarn, Benoit Lavraud, Vincent Génot, Christian Mazelle, Iannis Dandouras, Christian Jacquey, Claude Aoustin, Andréi Fedorov, Eric Le Comte, Qiu-Mei Lee, Jean-Louis Médale, Emmanuel Penou, Mathieu Petiot, Jean Rouzaud, Henry-Claude Séran & Christophe Verdeil

  7. Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan

    Shoichiro Yokota

  8. Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Mitsuo Oka

  9. Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan

    Yuki Harada

  10. AKKA Technologies, Toulouse, France

    Alain Barthe

  11. ISAE, Toulouse, France

    Alexandre Cadu

  12. Microtec, groupe AGORA Industries, Labège, France

    Anne-Marie Frezoul

  13. NEXEYA, Toulouse, France

    Catherine Garat & David Moirin

  14. COMAT, groupe AGORA Industries, Flourens, France

    Guy Peyre

  15. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holes̆ovic̆kách 2, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic

    Zdenĕk Nĕmec̆ek & Jana S̆afránková

  16. INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy

    Maria Federica Marcucci, Roberto Bruno & Giuseppe Consolini

  17. Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, Japan

    Wataru Miyake

  18. University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Kanako Seki, Masahiro Hoshino & Kunihiro Keika

  19. MSSL, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, RH5 6NT, UK

    Andrew J. Coates

  20. LATMOS-CNRS-IPSL, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France

    Jean-Jacques Berthelier

  21. MPS, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 3, 37077, Goettingen, Germany

    Markus Fraenz, Henning Fischer, Norbert Krupp, Joachim Woch & Ulrich Bührke

  22. IDA, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany

    Björn Fiethe & Harald Michalik

  23. JAXA, Sengen 2chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan

    Haruhisa Matsumoto

  24. Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan

    Tomoki Yanagimachi

  25. Peking University, North Physics Building, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Qiugang Zong

  26. University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland

    Peter Wurz

  27. Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, No. 1, Sect. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Yoichi Kazama

  28. IASS, National Central University, Chung-Li, 32054, Taiwan

    Wing-Huen Ip

  29. Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan

    Naoki Terada

Authors
  1. Yoshifumi Saito
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BepiColombo Mio/MPPE Team

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Correspondence to Yoshifumi Saito.

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The BepiColombo mission to Mercury

Edited by Johannes Benkhoff, Go Murakami and Ayako Matsuoka

BepiColombo Mio/MPPE Team: Y. Saito, M. Hirahara, S. Barabash, D. Delcourt, A. Coates, N. André, T. Takashima, K. Asamura, C. Aoustin, J.-A. Sauvaud, P. Louarn, M. Blanc, C. Jacquey, C. Mazelle, I. Dandouras, V. Genot, D. Toublanc, C. Peymirat, A. Fedorov, E. Amata, R. Bruno, M.B. Cattaneo, G. Consolini, M.F. Marcucci, Z. Nĕmec̆ek, B. Lavraud, L. Griton, S. Aizawa, H.-C. Seran, J. Rouzaud, Q.M. Lee, E. Le Comte, E. Penou, M. Petiot, D. Moirin, S. Machida, I. Shinohara, W. Miyake, T. Terasawa, C. Owen, A. Fazakerley, T. Nagatsuma, K. Seki, T. Nagai, A. Ieda, H. Hasegawa, J.-M. Illiano, J.-J. Berthelier, D. Fontaine, N. Krupp, J. Woch, S. Yokota, M. Fraenz, H. Krueger, H. Michalik, L. Hadid, R. Modolo, B. Fiethe, B. Katra, F. Leblanc, C. Verdeil, H. Fischer, J.-D. Techer, D. Reisenfeld, R. Elphic, H. Funsten, D. McComas, M. Grande, H. Matsumoto, T. Yanagimachi, T. Obara, Y. Miyoshi, Y. Ebihara, M. Nose, F. Tsuchiya, T.A. Fritz, Q. Zong, T. Mitani, S. Kasahara, M. Shimoyama, Y. Kazama, M. Yamauchi, M. Holmström, Y. Futaana, R. Lundin, P. Wurz, M. Wieser, H. Andersson, S. Karlsson, W. Benz, W.-H. Ip, L.-N. Hau, M. Hoshino, M. Fujimoto, K. Maezawa, N. Terada, P. Trávnic̆ek, R. Smets, R. Modolo, F. Leblanc, R. Lallement, L. Zelenyi, H. Malova, M.N. Nishino, Y.-C. Wang, M. Oka, M. Yagi, Y. Harada, L. Xie, J. Zhong, J. Vaverka, K. Keika, W. Sun, L. Wang

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Saito, Y., Delcourt, D., Hirahara, M. et al. Pre-flight Calibration and Near-Earth Commissioning Results of the Mercury Plasma Particle Experiment (MPPE) Onboard MMO (Mio). Space Sci Rev 217, 70 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-021-00839-2

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