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Revealing the Precise Role of Calretinin Neurons in Epilepsy: We Are on the Way

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Abstract

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by hyperexcitability in the brain. Its pathogenesis is classically associated with an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Calretinin (CR) is one of the three major types of calcium-binding proteins present in inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The functions of CR and its role in neural excitability are still unknown. Recent data suggest that CR neurons have diverse neurotransmitters, morphologies, distributions, and functions in different brain regions across various species. Notably, CR neurons in the hippocampus, amygdala, neocortex, and thalamus are extremely susceptible to excitotoxicity in the epileptic brain, but the causal relationship is unknown. In this review, we focus on the heterogeneous functions of CR neurons in different brain regions and their relationship with neural excitability and epilepsy. Importantly, we provide perspectives on future investigations of the role of CR neurons in epilepsy.

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Acknowledgements

This review was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81630098, 81973298, and 81821091).

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  1. Yingbei Qi and Heming Cheng have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Yingbei Qi, Heming Cheng, Yi Wang & Zhong Chen

  2. Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

    Heming Cheng, Yi Wang & Zhong Chen

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  1. Yingbei Qi
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  2. Heming Cheng
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Correspondence to Zhong Chen.

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Qi, Y., Cheng, H., Wang, Y. et al. Revealing the Precise Role of Calretinin Neurons in Epilepsy: We Are on the Way. Neurosci. Bull. 38, 209–222 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-021-00753-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-021-00753-1

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