Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Non-keyhole Friction Stir Welding for 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

  • Published:
Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Aims and scope

Abstract

A novel non-keyhole friction stir welding technique was proposed to weld the butt joint of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 6 mm. A sound joint was obtained by this technique, simultaneously eliminating the flash, shoulder mark and keyhole defects. The sleeve directly affected zone (SDAZ) and the sleeve indirectly affected zone (SIAZ) were divided into the joint according to the plunging position of the hollow sleeve. The lack of root penetration defect was avoided when the plunging depth of the hollow sleeve was only 4.2 mm, because the hollow part inside the sleeve improved the material flow below the sleeve. An S-shaped line was left at the SIAZ, and the height of it had the minimum value of 1.47 mm at 20 mm/min. Whether the failure location of the joint was in SIAZ/SDAZ or the heat-affected zone (HAZ) depended on the height and bonding strength of the S-shaped line. The joint fracture location changed from the SIAZ/SDAZ at 35 mm/min to the HAZ at 20 and 30 mm/min. The maximum tensile strength of 224.3 MPa was obtained at 30 mm/min which was 73.7% of that of the base material. The fracture surface morphology exhibited the typical ductile fracture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig.12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. X. Meng, Y. Huang, J. Cao, J. Shen, J.F. dos Santos, Prog. Mater. Sci. 115, 100706 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. P. Yu, C.S. Wu, L. Shi, Acta Mater. 207, 116692 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. W. He, J. Liu, W. Hu, G. Wang, W. Chen, High Temp. Mater. Process. 38, 662 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R. Nandan, T. Debroy, H. Bhadeshia, Prog. Mater. Sci. 53, 980 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. B. He, L. Cui, D. Wang, H. Li, C. Liu, Acta. Metall. Sin.-Engl. Lett. 33, 137 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. Ji, Q. Wen, Z. Li, J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 48, 23 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Huang, Y. Wang, L. Wan, H. Liu, J. Shen, J.F. dos Santos, L. Zhou, J. Feng, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 87, 1115 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Rao, J. Jordon, S. Boorgu, H. Kang, W. Yuan, X. Su, Int. J. Fatigue 105, 16 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Ji, X. Meng, Y. Zeng, L. Ma, S. Gao, Mater. Des. 97, 175 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Du, X. Yang, K. Liu, Z. Sun, D. Wang, Weld. World. 63, 989 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Huang, B. Han, S. Lü, J. Feng, X. Chen, Trans. China Weld. Inst. 33, 5 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. Huang, S. Ji, X. Meng, Z. Li, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 255, 765 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Zhou, D. Liu, K. Nakata, T. Tsumura, H. Fujii, K. Ikeuchi, Y. Michishita, Y. Fujiya, M. Morimoto, Sci. Technol. Join. 17, 649 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Wang, P. Chai, H. Ma, X. Cao, Y. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci. 55, 358 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Sun, L. Zhou, R. Zhang, L. Luo, H. Xu, H. Zhao, N. Guo, D. Zhang, Acta. Metall. Sin.-Engl. Lett. 33, 551 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Wu, Y. Chen, D. Strong, P. Prangnell, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 221, 187 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Reimann, J. Goebel, J. Dos Santos, Mater. Des. 132, 283 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. T. Montag, J. Wulfsberg, H. Hameister, R. Marschner, Proced. CIRP 24, 108 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. W. Li, P. Niu, S. Yana, V. Patel, Q. Wen, J. Manuf. Process. 34, 159 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Ji, Z. Li, Z. Zhou, B. Wu, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 26, 5085 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. G. Cam, S. Gueglueer, A. Cakan, H. Serindag, Materialwiss. Werkst. 40, 638 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Li, Z. Sun, C. Gao, C. Dong, G. Luan, Electric Weld. Mach. 44, 18 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  23. L. Shah, A. Midawi, S. Walbridge, A. Gerlich, J. Alloys Compd. 826, 154219 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Yue, Z. Zhou, S. Ji, L. Zhang, Z. Li, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 90, 2597 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Ji, Z. Li, Y. Wang, L. Ma, L. Zhang, High Temp. Mater. P-us. 36, 495 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Cao, M. Wang, L. Kong, Y. Yin, L. Guo, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 89, 2129 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. G. Li, L. Zhou, L. Luo, X. Wu, N. Guo, Int. J. Min. Met. Mater. 28, 131 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. L. Zhang, H. Zhong, S. Li, H. Zhao, J. Chen, L. Qi, Int. J. Fatigue 135, 1056 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. Abdulstaar, K. Al-Fadhalah, L. Wagner, Mater. Charact. 126, 64 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51874201), the Guangdong Special Branch Plans (No. 2019TQ05C752) and the Education Department Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. JYT2020051).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shu-De Ji or De-Jun Yan.

Additional information

Available online at http://link.springer.com/journal/40195

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gong, P., Zuo, YY., Ji, SD. et al. Non-keyhole Friction Stir Welding for 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 35, 763–772 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-021-01289-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-021-01289-z

Keywords

Navigation