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Response of the Tropical Tree Species Astronium graveolens to Meteorological Conditions and Ground-Level Ozone in São Paulo, Brazil

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Abstract

Astronium graveolens is a native tree species from Atlantic Forest considered sensitive to O3. This study aimed to determine which environmental factors, including air quality and meteorological conditions, have the most significant influence on gas exchange and the appearance of visible foliar symptoms in this species. Saplings were potted and exposed in a standardized manner in an open area in the southeastern city of São Paulo, Brazil. Gas exchange was measured weekly in the morning (9 am to 10 am), midday (11 am to 12 pm), and afternoon (2 pm to 3 pm) during the spring and summer seasons (n = 10). Data on O3 concentration and meteorological conditions were obtained on-site. Principal component analysis identified that the morning hours provide the most favorable meteorological conditions for gas exchange. High temperature and VPD reduced gas exchange in the midday and afternoon. Although the AOT40 was high, there were no visible foliar symptoms, which was an unexpected result. We propose that the meteorological conditions, mainly the VPD and temperature, caused stomatal closure, and consequently prevented the absorption of O3; therefore, there was no association between O3 and reduction of gas exchange, nor manifestation of foliar visible symptoms. We consider that more studies are necessary for the proper use of A. graveolens as an O3 bioindicator species.

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Data availability

Repository: Mendeley Data, https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/5h4pfpzmck/draft?a=33d9bf14-0608-48e9-bc25-f87888754846

Code availability

“Not applicable”.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the graduate program at the Institute of Botany of São Paulo and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support (Process 2016/19738-8).

Funding

R.M. Moraes received funding from FAPESP (Process 2016 / 19.738–8) to carry out this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Botânica, P.O. Box 68041, São Paulo, 04045-972, Brazil

    Marina S. Brito, Silvia R. Souza & Regina M. Moraes

  2. Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, São Paulo, 321, 05508-090, Brazil

    Cláudia M. Furlan & Sérgio T. Meirelles

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  1. Marina S. Brito
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  2. Cláudia M. Furlan
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  3. Sérgio T. Meirelles
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  4. Silvia R. Souza
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  5. Regina M. Moraes
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Contributions

M.S.B.: investigation, formal analysis, writing-original draft; C.M.F.: review and editing; S.T.M.: formal analysis, review and editing; S.R.S.: review and editing; R.M.M.: funding acquisition; conceptualization; review and editing.

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Correspondence to Regina M. Moraes.

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Brito, M.S., Furlan, C.M., Meirelles, S.T. et al. Response of the Tropical Tree Species Astronium graveolens to Meteorological Conditions and Ground-Level Ozone in São Paulo, Brazil. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 320 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05272-3

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