Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Parameter design method for the heat transfer performance of a fan-driven gearbox under planetary gear opening and oil-return conditions

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

On the basis of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, this study calculates the surface convective heat transfer coefficients of the sun gear, planetary gear, ring gear, and bearing before and after the opening of the planetary gear of a fan-driven gearbox. A numerical fitting method is used to establish the calculation model of the convective heat transfer coefficients of the sun gear, planetary gear, ring gear, and bearing under the open-hole oil-return condition. The convective heat transfer coefficients of each element are compared before and after the hole is bored, and the design method for the gearbox parameters with the objective of heat transfer performance is proposed. Result shows that the convective heat transfer coefficients of each element are increased after oil is returned from the hole of the planetary gear, and the change rate of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the raceway in the planetary gear bearing is the highest. When the aperture of the planetary gear is 7 mm and the number of holes is four, the heat transfer performance of the gearbox is the best. The maximum error between the convection heat transfer coefficient fitting formula value and the CFD simulation calculation result is 1.0558 %.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

b :

Tooth width

c p :

Specific heat capacity of the constant pressure fluid

C 4 :

A constant

d m :

Bearing pitch circle diameter

f :

Friction coefficient

f 0 :

Coefficient related to bearing type and lubrication method

f 1 :

Coefficient related to bearing structure and load

F n :

Average normal load

F x, F y, F z :

Body force on the fluid element

F β :

Equivalent dynamic load of the bearing

h :

Oil film thickness

H :

Total frictional power loss of the bearing

k :

Heat conductivity of fluid

M :

Total friction torque

M l :

Load friction torque

M v :

Friction torque generated by lubricating oil viscosity

n :

An integer

n b :

Rotational speed of the bearing inner ring

n g :

Gear speed

P :

Pressure on the fluid cell

P g :

Total gear power loss

P r :

Average rolling power loss

P s :

Average sliding power loss

P w :

Wind resistance power loss

R :

Pitch radius, m

S T :

Viscous dissipation term

t :

Time

T :

Fluid element temperature

u :

Components of fluid velocity in the x direction

v :

Components of fluid velocity in the y direction

V r :

Average rolling speed

V s :

Average sliding speed

w :

Components of fluid velocity in the z direction

x 1 :

Aperture of the planetary gear

x 2 :

Number of openings of the planetary gear

β b :

Gear base helix angle

ε α :

End-face coincidence degree

η :

Kinematic viscosity of the lubricant at the operating temperature

μ :

Dynamic viscosity of the oil-air mixture

ρ :

Fluid cell density

ρ m :

Density of the oil and gas mixture in the gearbox

T xy, T yx, T xz, T zx, T yz, T zy :

Viscous stress compo-nents on the surface of the fluid element

References

  1. Y. Wang et al., Influence of spray orientation parameters on spray lubrication process of aero spur gears, Journal of Aerospace Power, 30 (7) (2015) 1605–1610.

    Google Scholar 

  2. H. Zeng et al., Influence of nozzle injection angle on cooling effect of aero gears, Lubrication Engineering, 41 (9) (2016) 128–131.

    Google Scholar 

  3. X. Xu et al., An investigation on the influence of modification parameters on transmission characteristics of planetary gear system, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 33 (7) (2019) 3105–3114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Chen et al., Probabilistic design optimization of wind turbine gear transmission system based on dynamic reliability, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 33 (2) (2019) 579–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. C. Wei et al., Effects of profile modification on elastohydrodynamic lubrication of straight bevel gear, Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 43 (2) (2019) 100–106.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Q. Zhang, Research on micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication properties for modified helical gear, Master’s Thesis, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  7. H. Long et al., Operating temperatures of oil-lubricated medium-speed gears: numerical models and experimental results, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 217 (2) (2003) 392–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Cardone, T. Astarita and G. M. Carlomagno, Heat transfer measurements on a rotating disk, Optical Diagnostics in Engineering, 3 (1) (1997) 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Z. Liu et al., Steady state thermal analysis of a helicopter gear transmission system, China Mechanical Engineering, 10 (6) (1999) 15–18.

    Google Scholar 

  10. H. Long, Modeling of surface temperature in high-speed gears and sensitivity analysis, Doctoral Thesis, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. M. Awad, Heat transfer from a rotating disk to fluids for a wide range of prandtl numbers using the asymptotic model, Journal of Heat Transfer, 130 (1) (2008) 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  12. B. Xia, C. Li and W. F. Chen, Simulation analysis of convective heat transfer on tooth surface of high-speed straight tooth cylindrical gear, Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 34 (1) (2019) 132–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. L. You, Research on cooling heat transfer technology of journal bearings using oil-air lubrication with different number of nozzles, Master’s Thesis, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  14. H. Liu, Analysis of oil-air lubrication two-phase flow and thermal characteristics inside high speed rolling bearing, Master’s Thesis, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. P. Townsend and L. S. Akin, Analytical and experimental spur gear tooth temperature as affected by operating variables, Journal of Mechanical Design, 103 (1) (1981) 219–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. D. Joule, S. Hinduja and J. N. Ashton, Thermal analysis of a spur gearbox, part 1: Steady state finite element analysis, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 4 (202) (1988) 245–256.

    Google Scholar 

  17. N. Anifantis and A. D. Dimarogonas, Flash and bulk temperatures of gear teeth due to friction, Journal of Mechanisms, 28 (1) (1993) 159–164.

    Google Scholar 

  18. N. Patir and H. S. Cheng, Prediction of the bulk temperature in spur gears based on finite element temperature analysis, ASLE Transactions, 22 (1) (1979) 25–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. X. Ma, J. H. Li and G. D. Chen, Steady-state thermal analysis and experimental research of reducer gear transmission system, Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 20 (1) (2002) 32–35.

    Google Scholar 

  20. J. Tian et al., Analysis and research of mw wind turbine nacelle inner temperature field based on CFD, Chinese Journal of Turbomachinery, 55 (6) (2013) 74–77+82.

    Google Scholar 

  21. L. He, Thermal analysis of two speed automatic transmission drive system for pure electric automobile, Master’s Thesis, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  22. X. Qian, Simulation of fluid and temperature field of a spiral bevel gear transmission system, Master’s Thesis, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  23. X. Li et al., Study on the temperature rise of angular contact ball bearings under ring lubrication, Modular Machine Tool and Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 3 (2019) 40–43.

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. Qin et al., Experimental research on under-race lubrication of bearing for a turboshaft aeroengine, Lubrication Engineering, 44 (7) (2019) 138–142.

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. Palmgren, Ball and Roller Bering Engineering, SKF Industries, Inc., Gothenburg, Sweden (1959) 34–41.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Wang et al., A Method for Quickly Calculating the Surface Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient of Mechanical Parts, Patent CN201610012440.8, China National Intellectual Property Administration (2016).

  27. J. Feng, K. Qin and D. Wang, Discussion on conceptual design of fan-driven gear system with star gears, Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering, 6 (4) (2015) 490–494.

    Google Scholar 

  28. N. Anderson, S. Loewenthal and J. Black, An analytical method to predict efficiency of aircraft gearboxes, Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design, 108 (3) (1986) 424–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. L. S. Langston, Gears steer new engine designs, Mechanical Engineering, 139 (9) (2017) 54–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. T. Shih et al., A new k-ε eddy viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows, Computers and Fluids, 24 (3) (1995) 227–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52075241) and the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Grant No. HTL-O-20K02).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China

    Fengxia Lu, Lijuan Yuan, Zhiqiang Zhao, Chunlei Wang & Heyun Bao

Authors
  1. Fengxia Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lijuan Yuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhiqiang Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chunlei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Heyun Bao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fengxia Lu.

Additional information

Fengxia Lu is a Doctor at the College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in Nanjing, China. She obtained her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Her research interests include mechanical transmission, lubrication systems, and heat transfer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lu, F., Yuan, L., Zhao, Z. et al. Parameter design method for the heat transfer performance of a fan-driven gearbox under planetary gear opening and oil-return conditions. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 4169–4178 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0829-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0829-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation