Abstract
In this paper, the coupled phase field and local/nonlocal integral elasticity theories are used for stress-induced martensitic phase transformations (MPTs) at the nanoscale to investigate the limitations and contradictions of the nonlocal integral elasticity, which are due to the fact that the support of the nonlocal kernel exceeds the integration domain, i.e., the boundary effect. Different functions for the nonlocal kernel are compared. In order to compensate the boundary effect, a new nonlocal kernel, i.e., the compensated two-phase kernel, is introduced, in which a local part is added to the nonlocal part of the two-phase kernel to account for the boundary effect. In contrast to the previously introduced modified kernel, the compensated two-phase kernel does not lead to a purely nonlocal behavior in the core region, and hence no singular behavior, and consequently, no computational convergence issue is observed. The nonlinear finite element approach and the COMSOL code are used to solve the coupled system of Ginzburg–Landau and local/nonlocal integral elasticity equations. The numerical implementation of the phase field-local elasticity equations and the 2D nonlocal integral elasticity are verified. Boundary effect is investigated for MPT with both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous stress distributions. For the former, in contrast to the local elasticity, a nonhomogeneous phase transformation (PT) occurs in the nonlocal case with the two-phase kernel. Using the compensated two-phase kernel results in a homogeneous PT similar to the local elasticity. For the latter, the sample transforms to martensite except the adjacent region to the boundary for the local elasticity, while for the two-phase kernel, the entire sample transforms to martensite. The solution of the compensated two-phase kernel, however, is very similar to that of the local elasticity. The applicability of boundary symmetry in phase field problems is also investigated, which shows that it leads to incorrect results within the nonlocal integral elasticity. This is because when the symmetric portions of a sample are removed, the corresponding nonlocal effects on the remaining portion are neglected and the symmetric boundaries violate the normalization condition. An example is presented in which the results of a complete model with the two-phase kernel are different from those of its one-fourth model. In contrast, the compensated two-phase kernel can generate similar solutions for both the complete and one-fourth models. However, in general, none of the nonlocal kernels can overcome this issue. Therefore, the symmetrical models are not recommended for nonlocal integral elasticity based phase field simulations of MPTs. The current study helps for a better study of nonlocal elasticity based phase field problems for various phenomena such as various PTs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bhattacharya, K.: Microstructure of Martensite, Why It Forms and How It Gives Rise to The Shape-memory Effect. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2004)
Wayman, C.M.: Introduction to the Crystallography of Martensitic Transformation. Macmillan, New York (1964)
Mamivand, M., Zaeem, M.A., El Kadiri, H.: A review on phase field modeling of martensitic phase transformation. Comput. Mater. Sci. 77, 304–11 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.04.059
Levitas, V.I., Javanbakht, M.: Phase field approach to interaction of phase transformation and dislocation evolution. Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 3–7 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812488
Javanbakht, M., Ghaedi, M.S.: Nanovoid induced multivariant martensitic growth under negative pressure: Effect of misfit strain and temperature on PT threshold stress and phase evolution. Mech. Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103627
Jacobs, A.E., Curnoe, S.H., Desai, R.C.: Simulations of cubic-tetragonal ferroelastics. Phys. Rev. B 68, 224104 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224104
Artemev, A., Jin, Y., Khachaturyan, A.G.: Three-dimensional phase field model of proper martensitic transformation. Acta Mater. 49, 1165–77 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00021-0
Levitas, V.I., Lee, D.W., Preston, D.L.: Interface propagation and microstructure evolution in phase field models of stress-induced martensitic phase transformations. Int. J. Plast 26, 395–422 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.08.003
Yu, F., Wei, Y., Ji, Y., Chen, L.Q.: Phase field modeling of solidification microstructure evolution during welding. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 255, 285–93 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.12.007
Park, J., Kang, J.-H., Oh, C.-S.: Phase-field simulations and microstructural analysis of epitaxial growth during rapid solidification of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy. Mater. Des. 195, 108985 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108985
Krill, C.E., Chen, L.Q.: Computer simulation of 3-D grain growth using a phase-field model. Acta Mater. 50, 3057–73 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(02)00084-8
Mikula, J., Joshi, S.P., Tay, T.E., Ahluwalia, R., Quek, S.S.: A phase field model of grain boundary migration and grain rotation under elasto-plastic anisotropies. Int. J. Solids Struct. 178–179, 1–18 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.06.014
Rodney, D., Le Bouar, Y., Finel, A.: Phase field methods and dislocations. Acta Mater. (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00379-2
Levitas, V.I., Javanbakht, M.: Advanced phase-field approach to dislocation evolution. Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter. Mater. Phys. 86, 1–5 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.140101
Farrahi, G.H., Javanbakht, M., Jafarzadeh, H.: On the phase field modeling of crack growth and analytical treatment on the parameters. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-018-0685-z
Jafarzadeh, H., Farrahi, G.H., Javanbakht, M.: Phase field modeling of crack growth with double-well potential including surface effects. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-019-00775-1
Javanbakht, M., Ghaedi, M.S.: Phase field approach for void dynamics with interface stresses at the nanoscale. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 154, 103279 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2020.103279
Javanbakht, M., Sadegh, G.M.: Thermal induced nanovoid evolution in the vicinity of an immobile austenite-martensite interface. Comput. Mater. Sci. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.109339
Chen, L.Q., Wang, Y., Khachaturyan, A.G.: Kinetics of tweed and twin formation during an ordering transition in a substitutional solid solution. Philos. Mag. Lett. 65, 15–23 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839208215143
Jin, Y.M., Artemev, A., Khachaturyan, A.G.: Three-dimensional phase field model of low-symmetry martensitic transformation in polycrystal: Simulation of \(\zeta ^{\prime }2\) martensite in AuCd alloys. Acta Mater. 49, 2309–20 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00108-2
Artemev, A., Khachaturyan, A.G.: Phase field model and computer simulation of martensitic transformation under applied stresses. Mater. Sci. Forum 327, 347–50 (2000). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.327-328.347
Ahluwalia, R., Lookman, T., Saxena, A., Albers, R.C.: Landau theory for shape memory polycrystals. Acta Mater. 52, 209–18 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2003.09.015
Mirzakhani, S., Javanbakht, M.: Phase field-elasticity analysis of austenite-martensite phase transformation at the nanoscale: Finite element modeling. Comput. Mater. Sci. 154, 41–52 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.07.034
Javanbakht, M., Rahbar, H., Ashourian, M.: Finite element implementation based on explicit, Galerkin and Crank-Nicolson methods to phase field theory for thermal- and surface- induced martensitic phase transformations. Contin Mech Thermodyn (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-019-00838-3
Artemev, A., Wang, Y., Khachaturyan, A.G.: Three-dimensional phase field model and simulation of martensitic transformation in multilayer systems under applied stresses. Acta Mater. 48, 2503–18 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00071-9
Seol, D.J., Hu, S.Y., Li, Y.L., Chen, L.Q., Oh, K.H.: Computer simulation of martensitic transformation in constrained films. Mater. Sci. Forum 408–412, 1645–50 (2002). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.408-412.1645
Seol, D.J., Hu, S.Y., Li, Y.L., Chen, L.Q., Oh, K.H.: Cubic to tetragonal martensitic transformation in a thin film elastically constrained by a substrate. Met. Mater. Int. 9, 221–226 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027039
Levitas, V.I., Preston, D.L.: Three-dimensional Landau theory for multivariant stress-induced martensitic phase transformations. I. Austenite (formula presented) martensite. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter. Mater. Phys. 66, 1–9 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134206
Levitas, V.I., Preston, D.L.: Three-dimensional Landau theory for multivariant stress-induced martensitic phase transformations. II. Multivariant phase transformations and stress space analysis. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter. Mater. Phys. 66, 1–15 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134207
Levitas, V.I., Preston, D.L., Lee, D.W.: Three-dimensional Landau theory for multivariant stress-induced martensitic phase transformations. III. Alternative potentials, critical nuclei, kink solutions, and dislocation theory. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter. Mater. Phys. (2003). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.68.134201
Levitas, V.I., Javanbakht, M.: Surface tension and energy in multivariant martensitic transformations: phase-field theory, simulations, and model of coherent interface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 1–4 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.165701
Levitas, V.I., Javanbakht, M.: Surface-induced phase transformations: multiple scale and mechanics effects and morphological transitions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 1–5 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.175701
Javanbakht, M., Adaei, M.: Investigating the effect of elastic anisotropy on martensitic phase transformations at the nanoscale. Comput. Mater. Sci. 167, 168–82 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.05.047
Javanbakht, M., Adaei, M.: Formation of stress- and thermal-induced martensitic nanostructures in a single crystal with phase-dependent elastic properties. J. Mater. Sci. 55, 2544–63 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04067-6
Levitas, V.I., Javanbakht, M.: Interaction between phase transformations and dislocations at the nanoscale. Part 1. General phase field approach. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 82, 287–319 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2015.05.005
Javanbakht, M., Levitas, V.I.: Interaction between phase transformations and dislocations at the nanoscale. Part 2: Phase field simulation examples. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 82, 164–85 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2015.05.006
Levin, V.A., Levitas, V.I., Zingerman, K.M., Freiman, E.I.: Phase-field simulation of stress-induced martensitic phase transformations at large strains. Int. J. Solids Struct. 50, 2914–28 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.05.003
Javanbakht, M., Rahbar, H., Ashourian, M.: Explicit nonlinear finite element approach to the Lagrangian-based coupled phase field and elasticity equations for nanoscale thermal- and stress-induced martensitic transformations. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-020-00912-1
Javanbakht, M., Ghaedi, M.S., Barchiesi, E., Ciallella, A.: The effect of a pre-existing nanovoid on martensite formation and interface propagation: a phase field study. Math. Mech. Solids (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/1081286520948118
Javanbakht, M., Ghaedi, M.S.: Nanovoid induced martensitic growth under uniaxial stress: effect of misfit strain, temperature and nanovoid size on PT threshold stress and nanostructure in NiAl. Comput. Mater. Sci. 184, 109928 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109928
Bažant, Z.P., Jirásek, M.: Nonlocal integral formulations of plasticity and damage: survey of progress. J. Eng. Mech. 128, 1119–1149 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:11(1119)
Mindlin, R.D., Eshel, N.N.: On first strain-gradient theories in linear elasticity. Int. J. Solids Struct. 4, 109–24 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(68)90036-X
Lam, D.C.C., Yang, F., Chong, A.C.M., Wang, J., Tong, P.: Experiments and theory in strain gradient elasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 51, 1477–508 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5096(03)00053-X
Alibert, J.J., Seppecher, P., dell’Isola, F.: Truss modular beams with deformation energy depending on higher displacement gradients. Math. Mech. Solids 8, 51–73 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1177/1081286503008001658
dell’Isola, F., Steigmann, D.: A two-dimensional gradient-elasticity theory for woven fabrics. J. Elast. 118, 113–125 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10659-014-9478-1
Placidi, L., Misra, A., Barchiesi, E.: Two-dimensional strain gradient damage modeling: a variational approach. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 69, 56 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00033-018-0947-4
Placidi, L., Barchiesi, E., Misra, A.: A strain gradient variational approach to damage: a comparison with damage gradient models and numerical results. Math. Mech. Complex Syst. 6, 77–100 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2140/memocs.2018.6.77
Barchiesi, E., Yang, H., Tran, C.A., Placidi, L., Müller, W.H.: Computation of brittle fracture propagation in strain gradient materials by the FEniCS library. Math. Mech. Solids 26, 325–340 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/1081286520954513
dell’Isola, F., Corte, A., Della, G.I.: Higher-gradient continua: the legacy of Piola Mindlin Sedov and Toupin and some future research perspectives. Math. Mech. Solids 22, 852–872 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/1081286515616034
Giorgio, I., Rizzi, N.L., Turco, E.: Continuum modelling of pantographic sheets for out-of-plane bifurcation and vibrational analysis. Proc. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 473, 20170636 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0636
Giorgio, I., Harrison, P., dell’Isola, F., Alsayednoor, J., Turco, E.: Wrinkling in engineering fabrics: a comparison between two different comprehensive modelling approaches. Proc. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 474, 20180063 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0063
Eugster, S.R., dell’Isola, F., Steigmann, D.J.: Continuum theory for mechanical metamaterials with a cubic lattice substructure. Math. Mech. Complex Syst. 7, 75–98 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2140/memocs.2019.7.75
Schulte, J., Dittmann, M., Eugster, S.R., Hesch, S., Reinicke, T., dell’Isola, F., et al.: Isogeometric analysis of fiber reinforced composites using Kirchhoff-Love shell elements. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 362, 112845 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2020.112845
Toupin, R.A.: Theories of elasticity with couple-stress. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 17, 85–112 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00253050
Hadjesfandiari, A.R., Dargush, G.F.: Couple stress theory for solids. Int. J. Solids Struct. 48, 2496–510 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.05.002
Eremeyev, V.A., Pietraszkiewicz, W.: Material symmetry group of the non-linear polar-elastic continuum. Int. J. Solids Struct. 49, 1993–2005 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.04.007
Grekova, E.F., Porubov, A.V., dell’Isola, F.: Reduced linear constrained elastic and viscoelastic homogeneous cosserat media as acoustic metamaterials. Symmetry 12, 521 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/SYM12040521
Eringen, A.C., Edelen, D.G.B.: On nonlocal elasticity. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 10, 233–248 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(72)90039-0
Eringen, A.C.: Linear theory of nonlocal elasticity and dispersion of plane waves. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 10, 425–435 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(72)90050-X
dell’Isola, F., Andreaus, U., Placidi, L.: At the origins and in the vanguard of peridynamics, nonlocal and higher-gradient continuum mechanics: an underestimated and still topical contribution of Gabrio Piola. Math. Mech. Solids 20, 887–928 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1177/1081286513509811
dell’Isola, F., Della, C. A., Esposito, R., Russo, L.: Some cases of unrecognized transmission of scientific knowledge: From antiquity to gabrio piola’s peridynamics and generalized continuum theories. In: Altenbach, H., Forest, S., (eds.) Generalized Continua as Models for Classical and Advanced Materials, vol. 42, pp. 77-128. Springer , Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31721-2_5
Kröner, E.: Elasticity theory of materials with long range cohesive forces. Int. J. Solids Struct. 3, 731–42 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(67)90049-2
Kunin, I.A.: On foundations of the theory of elastic media with microstructure. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 22, 969–78 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(84)90098-3
Krumhansl, J.A.: Some considerations of the relation between solid state physics and generalized continuum mechanics. In: Kröner, E., (ed.) Mechanics of generalized continua. p. 298–311. Springer, Berlin (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-30257-6_37
Edelen, D.G.B., Laws, N.: On the thermodynamics of systems with nonlocality. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 43, 24–35 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00251543
Eringen, A.C., Kim, B.S.: Stress concentration at the tip of crack. Mech. Res. Commun. 1, 233–7 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-6413(74)90070-6
Eringen, A.C., Speziale, C.G., Kim, B.S.: Crack-tip problem in non-local elasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 25, 339–55 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(77)90002-3
Eringen, A.C.: Theory of nonlocal elasticity and some applications. Princeton Univ NJ Dept of Civil Engineering (1984)
Altan, S.B.: Uniqueness of initial-boundary value problems in nonlocal elasticity. Int. J. Solids Struct. 25, 1271–1278 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(89)90091-7
Altan, S.B.: Existence in nonlocal elasticity. Arch. Mech. 41, 25–36 (1989)
Eringen, A.C.: On differential equations of nonlocal elasticity and solutions of screw dislocation and surface waves. J. Appl. Phys. 54, 4703 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.332803
Peddieson, J., Buchanan, G.R., McNitt, R.P.: Application of nonlocal continuum models to nanotechnology. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 41, 305–312 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7225(02)00210-0
Farajpour, A., Ghayesh, M.H., Farokhi, H.: A review on the mechanics of nanostructures. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 133, 231–263 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2018.09.006
Polizzotto, C., Fuschi, P., Pisano, A.A.: A strain-difference-based nonlocal elasticity model. Int. J. Solids Struct. 41, 2383–2401 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2003.12.013
Polizzotto, C., Fuschi, P., Pisano, A.A.: A nonhomogeneous nonlocal elasticity model. Eu. J. Mech. A/Solids 25, 308–333 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2005.09.007
Pisano, A.A., Fuschi, P.: Closed form solution for a nonlocal elastic bar in tension. Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 13–23 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00547-4
Tuna, M., Kirca, M.: Exact solution of Eringen’s nonlocal integral model for bending of Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 105, 80–92 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2016.05.001
Polizzotto, C.: Nonlocal elasticity and related variational principles. Int. J. Solids Struct. 38, 7359–80 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(01)00039-7
Pisano, A.A., Sofi, A., Fuschi, P.: Nonlocal integral elasticity: 2D finite element based solutions. Int. J. Solids Struct. 46, 3836–49 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.07.009
Borino, G., Failla, B., Parrinello, F.: A symmetric nonlocal damage theory. Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 3621–3645 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00144-6
Pijaudier-Cabot, G., Bažant, Z.P.: Nonlocal damage theory. J. Eng. Mech. ASCE 113, 1512–1533 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1987)113:10(1512)
Polizzotto, C.: Remarks on some aspects of nonlocal theories in solid mechanics. In: Proc. of the 6th Congress of Italian Society for Applied and Industrial Mathematics (SIMAI), Cagliari, Italy (2002)
Danesh, H., Javanbakht, M., Aghdam, M.M.: A comparative study of 1D nonlocal integral Timoshenko beam and 2D nonlocal integral elasticity theories for bending of nanoscale beams. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-021-00976-7
Shaat, M., Ghavanloo, E., Fazelzadeh, S.A.: Review on nonlocal continuum mechanics: physics, material applicability, and mathematics. Mech. Mater. 150, 103587 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103587
Eringen, A.C.: Edge dislocation in nonlocal elasticity. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 15, 177–83 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(77)90003-9
Pan, K.-L.: Interaction of a dislocation and an inclusion in nonlocal elasticity. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 34, 1675–1688 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7225(96)00029-8
Lazar, M., Agiasofitou, E.: Screw dislocation in nonlocal anisotropic elasticity. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 49, 1404–1414 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2011.02.011
Doğgan, A.: Effect of nonlocal elasticity on internal friction peaks observed during martensite transformation. Pramana 44, 397–404 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02848491
Martowicz, A., Bryła, J., Staszewski, W.J., Ruzzene, M., Uhl, T.: Nonlocal elasticity in shape memory alloys modeled using peridynamics for solving dynamic problems. Nonlinear Dyn. 97, 1911–1935 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-04943-5
Yang, W.D., Wang, X., Lu, G.: The evolution of void defects in metallic films based on a nonlocal phase field model. Eng. Fract. Mech. 127, 12–20 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.04.018
Danesh, H., Javanbakht, M., Mirzakhani, S.: Nonlocal integral elasticity based phase field modelling and simulations of nanoscale thermal- and stress-induced martensitic transformations using a boundary effect compensation kernel. Comput. Mater. Sci. 194, 110429 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2021.110429
Abdollahi, R., Boroomand, B.: Benchmarks in nonlocal elasticity defined by Eringen’s integral model. Int. J. Solids Struct. 50, 2758–2771 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.04.027
Romano, G., Barretta, R., Diaco, M., de Marotti, S.F.: Constitutive boundary conditions and paradoxes in nonlocal elastic nanobeams. Int J Mech Sci 121, 151–156 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2016.10.036
Pisano, A.A., Fuschi, P.: Structural symmetry and boundary conditions for nonlocal symmetrical problems. Meccanica 53, 629–38 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0684-3
Golmakani, M.E., Malikan, M., Pour, S.G., Eremeyev, V.A.: Bending analysis of functionally graded nanoplates based on a higher-order shear deformation theory using dynamic relaxation method. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-021-00995-4
Mikhasev, G.: Free high-frequency vibrations of nonlocally elastic beam with varying cross-section area. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-021-00977-6
Giorgio, I., Grygoruk, R., dell’Isola, F., Steigmann, D.J.: Pattern formation in the three-dimensional deformations of fibered sheets. Mech. Res. Commun. 69, 164–71 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2015.08.005
Scerrato, D., Giorgio, I., Rizzi, N.L.: Three-dimensional instabilities of pantographic sheets with parabolic lattices: numerical investigations. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 67, 53 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00033-016-0650-2
Boutin, C., dell’Isola, F., Giorgio, I., Placidi, L.: Linear pantographic sheets: asymptotic micro-macro models identification. Math. Mech. Complex Syst. 5, 127–162 (2017). https://doi.org/10.2140/memocs.2017.5.127
Andreaus, U., Spagnuolo, M., Lekszycki, T., Eugster, S.R.: A Ritz approach for the static analysis of planar pantographic structures modeled with nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beams. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 30, 1103–1123 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-018-0665-3
dell’Isola, F., Seppecher, P., Spagnuolo, M., Barchiesi, E., Hild, F., Lekszycki, T., et al.: Advances in pantographic structures: design, manufacturing, models, experiments and image analyses. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 31, 1231–1282 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-019-00806-x
dell’Isola, F., Seppecher, P., Alibert, J.J., Lekszycki, T., Grygoruk, R., Pawlikowski, M., et al.: Pantographic metamaterials: an example of mathematically driven design and of its technological challenges. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 31, 851–884 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-018-0689-8
Turco, E., Misra, A., Sarikaya, R., Lekszycki, T.: Quantitative analysis of deformation mechanisms in pantographic substructures: experiments and modeling. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 31, 209–223 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-018-0678-y
Spagnuolo, M., Franciosi, P., dell’Isola, F.: A Green operator-based elastic modeling for two-phase pantographic-inspired bi-continuous materials. Int. J. Solids Struct. 188–189, 282–308 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.10.018
Spagnuolo, M., Yildizdag, M.E., Andreaus, U., Cazzani, A.M.: Are higher-gradient models also capable of predicting mechanical behavior in the case of wide-knit pantographic structures? Math. Mech. Solids 26, 18–29 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/1081286520937339
Turco, E., Barchiesi, E., Giorgio, I., dell’Isola, F.: A Lagrangian Hencky-type non-linear model suitable for metamaterials design of shearable and extensible slender deformable bodies alternative to Timoshenko theory. Int. J. Non Linear Mech. 123, 103481 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2020.103481
Acknowledgements
The support of Isfahan University of Technology and Iran National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Andreas Öchsner.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Danesh, H., Javanbakht, M., Barchiesi, E. et al. Coupled phase field and nonlocal integral elasticity analysis of stress-induced martensitic transformations at the nanoscale: boundary effects, limitations and contradictions. Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. 35, 1041–1062 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-021-01042-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00161-021-01042-y