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Identification of Seismogenic Anomalies Induced by 11 April, 2012 Indonesian Earthquake (M = 8.5) at Indian Latitudes Using GPS-TEC and ULF/VLF Measurements

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An Erratum to this article was published on 01 December 2021

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Abstract

In this paper, we have analyzed TEC data obtained at Indian stations such as Agra, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Bangalore, and Port Blair and VLF amplitude data of NWC fixed frequency (f = 19.8 KHz) transmitter signals recorded at Agra for ±15 days from the day of occurrence of a strong earthquake of magnitude M = 8.5 on 11 April, 2012 in Indonesian region. The analysis is performed using well established statistical methods. We have found simultaneous seismogenic anomalies in TEC and VLF data prior and after the occurrence of the earthquake. Some of the anomalies occurring after the earthquake are identified as due to high solar activity. These anomalies are excluded from our analysis. Some on the VLF anomalies are simultaneous with TEC anomalies indicating that the effect of the earthquake from ground reaches to lower ionosphere and also penetrates up to upper ionosphere in a mechanism possibly involving atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs). These results are also supported by the ground based ULF measurements at Agra using a search coil magnetometer in which we found amplitude bursts in all the three components of the sensor on the day of earthquake after its occurrence. Finally, this multi-instruments and multi-stations data study has confirmed that the strong earthquake affects not only the epicenter area but also the adjoining region and the effect is larger away from the epicenter than that close to the epicenter. This is explained in terms of generation of AGWs from the epicenter.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Authors are thankful to editor for his polite and encouraging suggestions. Thanks are also due to esteemed referee for line to line reading of the paper and extending useful suggestions which enhanced the quality of the paper. Authors are also grateful to Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Government of India, New Delhi to provide the earthquake data. Thanks are also due to NASA for the IGS-TEC, geomagnetic and solar activity data.

Funding

The authors are thankful to the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, 283105, Bichpuri, Agra, India

    Devbrat Pundhir & Rajpal Singh

  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, 283105, Bichpuri, Agra, India

    Birbal Singh

  3. Department of Physics, GLA University, 281406, Mathura, India

    Sarita Sharma

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  1. Devbrat Pundhir
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  2. Birbal Singh
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  3. Rajpal Singh
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  4. Sarita Sharma
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Correspondence to Devbrat Pundhir, Birbal Singh, Rajpal Singh or Sarita Sharma.

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Devbrat Pundhir, Singh, B., Singh, R. et al. Identification of Seismogenic Anomalies Induced by 11 April, 2012 Indonesian Earthquake (M = 8.5) at Indian Latitudes Using GPS-TEC and ULF/VLF Measurements. Geomagn. Aeron. 61, 449–463 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793221030129

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793221030129

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