Short communicationComparison of attraction to LED wavelengths between two strains of Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)
Graphical abstract
Introduction
Insects are known to show different reactions depending on wavelengths (Antignus, 2000, Johansen et al., 2011). Insect eyes can distinguish wavelengths green, blue, and ultraviolet (UV) light, but cannot sense red or infrared light well (Mellor et al., 1997, Johansen et al., 2011, Lim and Ben-Yakir, 2020). Based on this phenomenon, applying UV or near-UV wavelengths to enhance establishment of natural enemies in targeted areas is being investigated (Ogino et al., 2016, Park, 2020, Park and Lee, 2021) under the premise that if optimal attraction can help retain released natural enemies in the targeted pest’s habitat, biological control would be enhanced (Park, 2020, Park and Lee, 2021). For an effective biological control, it needs to make proper environment for natural enemies by using tactics such as application of low-toxic pesticides (Messelink et al., 2014). Even in adequate environment conditions, it would be very difficult to contain all the natural enemies released in the target area. If their prey become unavailable, they may disperse to other area (Kean et al., 2003). Released natural enemies, i.e., Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), have been contained by using LED light for better biological control (Ogino et al., 2016, Park, 2020). LED light attraction of natural enemies was reported in Ogino et al. (2016) for O. sauteri and Uehara et al., 2019, Park, 2020 for N. tenuis. In these studies, the most attractive wavelengths to natural enemies were selected. In previous studies of LED light attraction of natural enemies, e.g., Ogino et al. (2016) for O. sauteri and Park and Lee, 2021, Uehara et al., 2019 for N. tenuis, the most attractive wavelengths to natural enemies were identified, and the use of these wavelength of LED light was subsequently linked to increased control of the target pest species. Inter-strain variation in natural enemies in their behavioral responses to specific LED wavelengths has been reported in N. tenuis (Park and Lee, 2021, Uehara et al., 2019). Moreover, inter-strain variation has been known in feeding behavior of N. tenuis such as phyotophagy and zoopahgy (Chinchilla-Ramírez et al., 2020). Consequently, in this study, our goal was to evaluate the LED attraction of two commercial strains of Orius laevigatus (Fieber) to look for similar inter-strain variation in this species.
Orius laevigatus is one of the most important natural enemies used for the control of thrips, and distributed in Europe and Asia (Tommasini and van LENTEREN, J.C., , 2003, Bouagga et al., 2018). Additionally, it can attack spider mites, aphids, lepidopteran eggs and whiteflies (Arnó et al., 2008, Weintraub et al., 2011, Bouagga et al., 2018, Rahman et al., 2020). This anthocorid bug can consume two pupae of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and twelve 2nd instars of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in six hours (Montserrat et al., 2000). Also, it can complete its life cycle by feeding on an alternative food source such as pollen (Mendoza et al., 2020).
Here we compared the attraction rates between two commercial strains of O. laevigatus to various LED wavelengths using an opaque Y-tube testing arena. Such information on inter-strain behavioral variation can help in the application of LED wavelength for pest control in the field.
Section snippets
Test insects
We used two strains of O. laevigatus adults in this study. One strain was purchased from Koppert Biological Systems (Berkel en Rodenrijs, Netherlands; purchased from Koppert Korea, Gwangju, Korea) in January to March 2018, and the other was from Biobest (Westerlo, Belgium; purchased from Osang Kinsect, Guri, Korea) in April to June 2018. Each strain of O. laevigatus was purchased seven to ten times as needed. Orius laevigatus was delivered packaged with an ice pack, and, therefore, insects were
Results
LED treatments affected significantly rates of the three measured behavioral responses of O. laevigatus (Table 1; response to test LED, F19, 60 = 34.88, P < 0.001; no response, F19, 60 = 12.57, P < 0.001; response to white LED, F19, 60 = 9.47, P < 0.001). Attraction to test LED lights by O. laevigatus was significantly affected by wavelength (F9, 60 = 69.71, P < 0.001), by strain (F1, 60 = 17.12, P < 0.001), and by the wavelength × strain interaction (F9, 60 = 4.94, P < 0.001). The rate of
Discussion
The establishment rate of beneficial insects in agricultural land can be enhanced by using UV and near-UV lights as attractants (Ogino et al., 2016, Park, 2020, Park and Lee, 2021). It has been reported that once O. sauteri and N. tenuis are attracted by light they remain at the site even after lights are removed (Ogino et al., 2016, Park and Lee, 2021, Uehara et al., 2019). Thus, here we determined the most attractive wavelengths to apply in biological control program using O. laevigatus.
Light
Data availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4441273
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Young-gyun Park: Conceptualization, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing. Joon-Ho Lee: Conceptualization, Validation, Funding acquisition, Writing. Un Taek Lim: Conceptualization, Validation, Funding acquisition, Writing.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries through the Advanced Production Technology Development Program, funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (120082-03-2-HD020).
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Use of UV-LED light to enhance establishment of Nesidiocoris tenuis for control of Bemisia tabaci infesting greenhouse tomato
2022, Biological ControlCitation Excerpt :Many insects have a positive phototaxis to UV or near-UV light, which may be related to the use of UV or near-UV by insects for navigation and orientation (Lim and Ben-Yakir, 2020). Nevertheless, the response strength can vary according to insects’ physiological status or strain (Uehara et al., 2019; Park et al., 2021). Indeed, Park and Lee (2021) previously reported that N. tenuis and B. tabaci have similar light preferences.
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Present address: Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea.