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Morphologies of compressed active epithelial monolayers

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Abstract

Using a three-dimensional active vertex model, we numerically study the shapes of strained unsupported epithelial monolayers subject to active junctional noise due to stochastic binding and unbinding of myosin. We find that while uniaxial, biaxial, and isotropic in-plane compressive strains do lead to the formation of longitudinal, herringbone pattern, and labyrinthine folds, respectively, the villus morphology characteristic of, e.g., the small intestine appears only if junctional tension fluctuations are strong enough to fluidize the tissue. Moreover, the fluidized epithelium features villi even in the absence of compressive strain provided that the apico-basal differential surface tension is large enough. We analyze several details of the different epithelial forms including the role of strain rate and the modulation of tissue thickness across folds. Our results show that even unsupported, non-patterned epithelia can form nontrivial morphologies.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank P. Mrak and M. Rauzi for helpful discussions, and we acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P1-0055 and projects No. J2-9223 and Z1-1851).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Jan Rozman, Matej Krajnc & Primož Ziherl

  2. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Jan Rozman & Primož Ziherl

Authors
  1. Jan Rozman
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  2. Matej Krajnc
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  3. Primož Ziherl
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All authors were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jan Rozman.

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Rozman, J., Krajnc, M. & Ziherl, P. Morphologies of compressed active epithelial monolayers. Eur. Phys. J. E 44, 99 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00094-x

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