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Operating lines for plug-in hybrid turbo charger systems meeting LEV III evaporative gas regulations

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Abstract

In 2020 the California Air Resources Board (CARB) implemented even more stringent regulation of vehicle emissions, its low-emission vehicle III (LEV III) program. In a (P)HEV T-GDI vehicle, the vehicle operates in EV driving mode when the engine is off, making it similarly difficult to comply with evaporative gas regulations. Automotive OEM strategy development to reduce vehicle evaporative gas and exhaust gas is in progress as these new emissions regulations are being implemented. Unlike in a naturally aspired engine, in a turbo gasoline direct injection (T-GDI) engine, the main operating area is the turbo boosting area. It operates in the positive pressure area rather than the negative pressure area, making it difficult to meet the requirements of the new evaporative gas regulationsI. The (P)HEV T-GDI characteristics showed the evaporative gas standards of LEV III, as well as regulations on CO2, fuel efficiency, and exhaust gas. 2.0 T-GDI single purge system vehicles showed 1.8 times engine operation time test results satisfied with evaporative gas test regulation values. Additionally, exhaust gas emissions in hot mode showed that CO(g/mile) affects 2.0 L T-GDI vehicles 2∼3 times more than 3.0 L V6 T-GDI dual purge system vehicles. Fuel efficiency test results, confirming that the 3.0 V6 had about 15 % FTP, 20 % HWY, 18 % US06 better fuel efficiency compared to the 2.0 L T-GDI vehicles. Furthermore, the properties of the operating lines optimized for two plug-in hybrid turbo charger systems to assess whether they can meet the evaporative gas standards of LEV III, as well as regulations on CO2, fuel efficiency, and exhaust gas. The 2.0 L T-GDI vehicle bears fuel economy loss, increases the engine operating time, and responds to the regulation of evaporative gas, and the 3.0 V6 confirms that the engine operating time, fuel economy, exhaust gas, and evaporative gas are optimized. To respond to LEV III evaporative gas regulations, 2.0 L T-GDI PHEV vehicles take longer engine operation time, fuel economy loss, and respond to evaporative gas, CO2, emission regulations, 3.0 L V6 T-GDI PHEV vehicles confirmed that engine operation time, fuel economy, exhaust gas, and evaporative gas were optimized. They can meet the evaporative gas standards of LEV III, as well as regulations on CO2, fuel efficiency, and exhaust gas.

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Abbreviations

LEV III :

Low emission vehicle III

HC :

Hydro carbone

EVAP :

Evaporative gas regulations

RL :

Running loss

DBL :

Diurnal breathing loss

HSL :

Hot soak loss

ORVR :

Onboard refueling vapor recovery

CARB :

The California Air Resources Board

EPA :

Environmental Protection Agency

OL :

Operating line

TGDI :

Turbo gasoline direct injection

PHEV :

Plug in hybrid electric vehicle

CVS :

Constant volume sampler

FTP :

Federal test procedure

HWFET :

Highway fuel economy test

US06 :

High speed/high load cycle

LDV :

Light duty vehicle

LDT :

Light duty truck

SOC :

State of charging

AER :

All electric range

THS III :

Toyota hybrid system III

TMED :

Transmission mounted electric device

TRR :

Through the road

CD :

Charge depleting

CS :

Charge sustaining

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eco HEV R&D Team, Hyundai Motor Company, 772-1 Jangduk-dong, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi, 18280, Korea

    Young Kyu Oh

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea

    Young Kyu Oh & Sungwook Park

Authors
  1. Young Kyu Oh
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  2. Sungwook Park
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Correspondence to Sungwook Park.

Additional information

Young Kyu Oh is a Ph.D. candidate of the School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. He works for Hyundai Motor Company (HEV Performance Test Team). His research interests include HEV system (emission, evap regulation, vehicle dynamic modeling).

Sungwook Park is a Professor of the School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Hanyang University. His research interests include engine system (combustion, spray, atomization, vehicle dynamic modeling, HEV system).

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Oh, Y.K., Park, S. Operating lines for plug-in hybrid turbo charger systems meeting LEV III evaporative gas regulations. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 3723–3734 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0741-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0741-7

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