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Magnetic susceptibility investigation of the saline water intrusion problem: The LAMP-BHU protocol

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Abstract

A protocol is presented to perform bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS) analysis of simulated seawater/saline water using MFK2-FA Multi-Function Kappabridge instrument at Laboratory for Analyses of Magnetic and Petrofabric (LAMP), BHU to obtain a correlation between BMS and hydrogeological data such as salinity and conductivity. This LAMP-BHU Protocol involves the preparation of simulated saline water. It has been developed after BMS measurement of 20 simulated seawater samples in different frequencies, i.e., F1 (976 Hz), F2 (3904 Hz), and F3 (15616 Hz) to prepare a standard data. This standard data is further validated with field data. Fourteen water samples are collected from the field, and hydrogeological data (salinity and conductivity) and BMS at three different frequencies were measured. Further linear regression analysis is performed on the measured data. This protocol yields efficient results with F3, followed by F1 and F2 having an R2 value of 0.84, 0.60, and 0.54, respectively, for salinity, and 0.79, 0.51, and 0.40, respectively, for conductivity. Salinity and conductivity are showing a negative trend with all the frequencies. This protocol enables to delineate saline water intruded zone or extent of saline intrusion using BMS analysis. The proposed protocol is a rapid and efficient mode of determination of the saline water intruded zones in the coastal aquifers for prioritisation of groundwater assets facilitating freshwater availability in coastal areas.

Research highlights

  • Protocol is developed for Saline water intrusion studies using magnetic susceptibility measurements.

  • Magnetic susceptibility, salinity and conductivity was measured for simulated and field samples.

  • Inverse relationship observed between magnetic susceptibility w.r.t. salinity and conductivity.

  • High frequency magnetic susceptibility provides better results for gradual increase in salinity.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the corresponding editor and anonymous reviewers for their comments. VR acknowledges the UGC for D S Kothari Postdoctoral Fellowship (Ref. No. F.4-2/2006(BSR)/ES/18-19/0003). This work contains data from the PhD thesis of PK. SB acknowledges the DST-PURSE 5050 program for the AGICO made Kappabridge instrument. AB acknowledges University Grant Commission for funding this work as a start-up Research Grant (Ref. No. F.30-431/2018-BSR). This study marks the fourth contribution of the Laboratory for Analyses of Magnetic and Petrofabric (LAMP) at Banaras Hindu University (BHU). All the authors acknowledge Prof Hari B Srivastava, BHU Varanasi for extending his support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India

    Virendra Rana, Prashant Kumar, Sayandeep Banerjee & Arkoprovo Biswas

Authors
  1. Virendra Rana
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  2. Prashant Kumar
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  3. Sayandeep Banerjee
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  4. Arkoprovo Biswas
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Contributions

VR: Data curation, formal analysis, software, and writing. PK: Data curation, resources, fieldwork, data analysis, writing, and editing. SB: Conceptualisation, supervision, data analysis, software, validation, writing, and editing. AB: Data analysis, fieldwork, validation, writing, and funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sayandeep Banerjee.

Additional information

Communicated by Abhijit Mukherjee

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Rana, V., Kumar, P., Banerjee, S. et al. Magnetic susceptibility investigation of the saline water intrusion problem: The LAMP-BHU protocol. J Earth Syst Sci 130, 140 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01642-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01642-x

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