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Influence of an anticline structure on hydrogeological functioning and aquifer interactions in a multilayered aquifer system: the case of Villagrains-Landiras anticline (Gironde, France)

Influence d’une structure anticlinale sur le fonctionnement hydrogéologique et les interactions inter-aquifères d’un système aquifère multicouche: le cas de l’anticlinal Villagrains-Landiras (Gironde, France)

Influencia de una estructura anticlinal sobre el funcionamiento hidrogeológico y sus interacciones en un sistema acuífero multicapa: el caso del anticlinal de Villagrains-Landiras (Gironda, Francia)

背斜对多层含水层系统中水文地质功能和含水层相互作用的影响: 以法国Gironde省Villagrains-Landiras背斜为例

Influência de uma estrutura anticlinal no funcionamento hidrogeológico e nas interações aquíferas em um sistema aquífero multicamadas: o caso do anticlinal Villagrains-Landiras (Gironde, França)

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Abstract

Geological deformations like anticlines have a prominent role in aquifer system functioning. Structural deformations control erosion patterns, areas of nondeposition, lateral facies variations and thickness variations. The nature and geometry of geological bodies have a major impact on the aquifers and interconnections between them. To characterize these features and to quantify their influence on overall hydrogeological functioning, a multidisciplinary approach is proposed at a local scale. In southwestern France, the Aquitaine Basin contains a regional multilayered aquifer system affected by numerous anticlines. The Villagrains-Landiras anticline is a major anticline of the Aquitaine Basin, and near its axis is the subcropping Cenomanian aquifer; thus, the Cenomanian aquifer has potential for drinking water supply. An extensive research program was developed, including reconnaissance drilling, water level measurements, geochemical analyses, and petrophysical tests, and the results were combined with existing data. This integrated work precisely defined the complex architecture of the aquifer and confining units linked with the uplift and the polyphase erosion of the anticline. It resulted in the characterisation of the deposits’ geometries, lithology, and aquifer properties. The areas of aquifer interconnection have been defined and recharge flows have been estimated. A new groundwater circulation pattern constrained by isotopic water residence times was developed. A new geological model was built, which enables a rethink of the local functioning of the aquifer targeted for drinkable-water supply, but also it allows an understanding of the importance of anticline structure on the recharge conditions of the aquifers of this regional multilayered aquifer system.

Résumé

Les déformations géologiques telles que les structures anticlinales jouent un rôle prépondérant dans le fonctionnement des systèmes aquifères. Elles influencent les modalités d’érosion, l’extension des lacunes sédimentaires, les variations latérales de faciès et les variations d’épaisseurs des formations géologiques. La nature et la géométrie des corps sédimentaires associés ont un impact majeur sur le fonctionnement des aquifères multicouches qui s’y développent. Afin de caractériser ces objets géologiques et quantifier leur influence sur le fonctionnement hydrogéologique global, une approche pluridisciplinaire est adoptée à l’échelle locale. Dans le sud-ouest de la France, le Bassin Aquitain contient un aquifère multicouche d’extension régionale affecté par de nombreuses structures anticlinales. L’anticlinal de Villagrains-Landiras est l’un des anticlinaux majeurs qui le structure. Proche de l’axe de l’anticlinal et contraint par la structure, l’aquifère du Cénomanien y devient sub-affleurant. Cet aquifère est ciblé en tant que ressource de substitution potentielle pour l’alimentation en eau potable. Un programme de recherche incluant des sondages de reconnaissance géologique, l’étude des niveaux piézométriques, des analyses géochimiques et des essais pétrophysiques a permis l’acquisition d’un jeu de données important qui vient compléter les données existantes dans la zone d’étude. Ce travail intégré a permis de définir précisément l’architecture complexe des unités aquifères et épontes induites par la formation de l’anticlinal et les érosions polyphasées qui en résultent. Il aboutit à la caractérisation de la géométrie et la lithologie des dépôts sédimentaires ainsi que des propriétés réservoir. Les zones d’interconnexion entre les aquifères du système multicouche ont été définies et les flux de recharge ont été estimés. Les modalités d’écoulements contraintes par les temps de résidence des eaux des différentes unités aquifères ont été précisées. Un nouveau modèle géologique a été construit. Il a permis de repenser le fonctionnement local de l’aquifère du Cénomanien ciblé pour l’approvisionnement en eau potable, mais il a également permis de mettre en évidence l’importance des structures anticlinales dans les modalités de recharge des aquifères multicouches d’extension régionale.

Resumen

Las estructuras geológicas como los anticlinales tienen un papel destacado en el funcionamiento de los sistemas acuíferos. Las estructuras controlan los patrones de erosión, las zonas de no deposición, las variaciones laterales de facies y las variaciones de espesor. La naturaleza y la geometría de los cuerpos geológicos tienen un gran impacto en los acuíferos y en las interconexiones entre ellos. Para caracterizar estos rasgos y cuantificar su influencia en el funcionamiento hidrogeológico global, se propone un enfoque multidisciplinar a escala local. En el suroeste de Francia, la cuenca de Aquitania contiene un sistema acuífero regional multicapa afectado por numerosos anticlinales. El anticlinal de Villagrains-Landiras es uno de los principales de la cuenca de Aquitania, y cerca de su eje se encuentra el acuífero Cenomaniano. Este acuífero cenomaniano tiene potencial para el abastecimiento de agua potable. Se desarrolló un amplio programa de investigación, que incluía perforaciones de reconocimiento, mediciones del nivel del agua, análisis geoquímicos y pruebas petrofísicas, y los resultados se combinaron con los datos existentes. Este trabajo integrado definió con precisión la compleja arquitectura del acuífero y de las unidades que lo confinan, relacionadas con el levantamiento y la erosión polifásica del anticlinal. El resultado fue la caracterización de las geometrías de los depósitos, la litología y las propiedades del acuífero. Se han definido las zonas de interconexión de los acuíferos y se han estimado los flujos de recarga. Se elaboró un nuevo modelo de circulación de aguas subterráneas limitado por los tiempos isotópicos de residencia del agua. Se ha construido un modelo geológico novedoso que permite replantear el funcionamiento local del acuífero destinado al abastecimiento de agua potable, pero también permite comprender la importancia de la estructura anticlinal en las condiciones de recarga de los acuíferos de este sistema acuífero regional de multicapa.

摘要

背斜等地质变形在含水层系统功能中具有重要作用。结构变形控制侵蚀模式, 非沉积区域, 侧相变化和厚度变化。地质体的性质和几何形状对含水层及其之间的相互联系具有重大影响。为了表征这些特征并量化它们对整个水文地质功能的影响, 在小尺度上提出了一种多学科方法。在法国西南部, Aquitaine盆地包含受多个背斜影响的区域性多层含水层系统。 Villagrains-Landiras背斜是Aquitaine盆地主要背斜, 在其轴心附近是次生的Cenomanian含水层。因此, Cenomanian含水层具有作为饮用水水源的可能。制定了广泛的研究计划, 包括勘察钻探, 水位测量, 地球化学分析和岩石物理测试, 并将结果与现有数据结合在一起。这项综合工作精确地定义了与背斜的隆起和多相侵蚀有关的含水层和围护单元的复杂结构。结果表明了沉积物的几何形状, 岩性和含水层性质特征。定义了含水层互连的区域, 并估算了补给流量。根据同位素水滞留时间开发了新的地下水循环模式。建立了一个新的地质模型, 该模型可以重新考虑以饮用水为目标的含水层的局部功能, 但也可以加深理解背斜对于区域多层含水层系统的含水层补给条件的重要性。

Resumo

Deformações geológicas como anticlinais têm um papel proeminente no funcionamento do sistema aquífero. As deformações estruturais controlam os padrões de erosão, áreas de não deposição, variações de fácies laterais e variações de espessura. A natureza e a geometria dos corpos geológicos têm um grande impacto nos aquíferos e nas interconexões entre eles. Para caracterizar essas propriedades e quantificar sua influência no funcionamento hidrogeológico geral, uma abordagem multidisciplinar é proposta em escala local. No sudoeste da França, a Bacia da Aquitânia contém um sistema aquífero regional de várias camadas afetado por vários anticlinais. O anticlinal Villagrains-Landiras é um importante anticlinal da Bacia da Aquitânia, e próximo ao seu eixo está o aquífero Cenomaniano subaflorante. Assim, o aquífero Cenomaniano tem potencial para abastecimento de água potável. Um extenso programa de pesquisa foi desenvolvido, incluindo perfuração de reconhecimento, medições de nível de água, análises geoquímicas e ensaios petrofísicos, e os resultados foram combinados com os dados existentes. Este trabalho integrado definiu com precisão a arquitetura complexa do aquífero e unidades confinantes ligadas ao soerguimento e à erosão polifásica do anticlinal. Isso resultou na caracterização das geometrias dos depósitos, litologia e propriedades do aquífero. As áreas de interconexão dos aquíferos foram definidas e os fluxos de recarga estimados. Um novo padrão de circulação de água subterrânea restringido por tempos de residência isotópica de água foi desenvolvido. Um novo modelo geológico foi construído, que permite repensar o funcionamento local do aquífero destinado ao abastecimento de água potável, mas também permite compreender a importância da estrutura anticlinal nas condições de recarga dos aquíferos deste sistema aquífero regional multicamadas.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted under a research project between SMEGREG and ENSEGID. The core drilling campaign was undertaken in partnership with the French Geological Survey (BRGM). The authors are grateful to J.P. Platel for his sedimentological analysis and C. Bourdillon for biostratigraphic data interpretation. We would also like to thank Vermilion Energy for the petroleum wells data and Météo-France for the rainfall data. The authors thank the reviewers and the editorial board for their constructive comments which greatly improved the final manuscript.

Funding

This work was financed by SMEGREG and the Adour-Garonne Water Agency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Syndicate for the Management of Water Resources in the Gironde Region (Syndicat Mixte d’Etude et de Gestion de la Ressource en Eau du département de la Gironde), 74 rue Georges Bonnac, 33000, Bordeaux, France

    C. Labat & B. de Grissac

  2. EA4592 Georessources & Environment, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, ENSEGID Bordeaux INP, 1 allée Fernand Daguin, 33600, Pessac, France

    C. Labat, F. Larroque & A. Dupuy

  3. French Geological Survey (Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières), 24 avenue Leonard de Vinci, 33600, Pessac, France

    M. Saltel & P. Bourbon

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  1. C. Labat
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Labat, C., Larroque, F., de Grissac, B. et al. Influence of an anticline structure on hydrogeological functioning and aquifer interactions in a multilayered aquifer system: the case of Villagrains-Landiras anticline (Gironde, France). Hydrogeol J 29, 1711–1732 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-021-02333-z

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