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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the candidate genes involved in SDR unreduced female gamete formation in the diploid rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.)

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Abstract

Studying the genetic mechanism of 2n gametogenesis is of great significance for understanding and utilizing 2n gametes. We previously found that the rubber clone GT1 could spontaneously and steadily produce second division restitution (SDR) 2n female gametes, indicating that the occurrence of 2n female gametes resulted from gene mutation. Furthermore, low temperature during flower development increased the frequency of 2n female gametes. To identify the genes and reveal the molecular mechanism of SDR-type unreduced female gamete formation in diploid rubber tree, six genes related to SDR 2n gametogenesis were identified by comparing the transcriptomes of female flowers with a high frequency of 2n gametes and female flowers with a low frequency of 2n gametes. A total of 1709 differentially expressed genes were detected in female flowers under cold conditions, with 872 and 837 genes up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Six genes, including APC/C, NACK1, NACK2, NPK1, ANP1, and RBR, which are known to be related to SDR-type 2n gametogenesis, were identified and verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Gene function annotation indicated six genes involved in three cytological mechanisms and four corresponding genetic mechanisms of SDR-type 2n gametogenesis. These results suggest that the 2n female gametogenesis process of the rubber tree clone GT1 involves multiple molecular genetic mechanisms, which may differ from model plants such as Arabidopsis and tobacco. Our study provides a basis for identifying the functional genes of natural 2n female gametogenesis, as well as a molecular perspective for revealing the genetic mechanism of the spontaneous production of unreduced female gametes in rubber trees.

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Data availability

The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available as follows: Sequence reads from the RNA-Seq experiment are available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under the project number PRJNA702562. The raw data of samples H1-H3 are numbered SRX10122411-413, and the raw data of samples Y1-Y3 are numbered SRX10122414-416.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Dehong Institute of Tropical Agricultural Sciences of Yunnan Province and Dafeng Farm, Yangjiang Branch, Hainan Natural Rubber Industry Group Co., Ltd., for collecting the plant material and for additional help. We also thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

This work has been supported by the Hainan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (317281). Publication costs for this work were funded by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-34-YZ2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China

    Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiao Huang & Weiguo Li

  2. State Centre for Rubber Breeding, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China

    Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiao Huang & Weiguo Li

  3. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China

    Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiao Huang & Weiguo Li

  4. State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China

    Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiao Huang & Weiguo Li

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  1. Yuanyuan Zhang
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YZ and WL conceived the projects. YZ designed and executed the experiments. XH contributed materials/analysis tools. All authors discussed the results. YZ wrote the paper. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Weiguo Li.

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Zhang, Y., Huang, X. & Li, W. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the candidate genes involved in SDR unreduced female gamete formation in the diploid rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). J Rubber Res 24, 355–368 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-021-00102-x

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