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Discovery of the Early Paleozoic Akechukesai high-Mg diorites in the western segment of East Kunlun Orogenic Belt and its constraints on the mechanism of break-off from Proto-Tethys oceanic subducted slab

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Abstract

High-Mg andesites (HMAs) and their cognate intrusive rocks constitute volumetrically very small proportions of the total earth, and are mainly distributed along the edges of convergent plates. Petrogenetic studies can provide possible solutions for discrepancies in the geodynamics and subduction zone evolution. This paper presents the first ever reports of the newly discovered high-Mg diorite in Akechukesai area, the western part of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, and provides a reference for the evolutionary history and subduction mechanism of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. Akechukesai high-Mg diorites yielded a weighted mean zircon U-Pb dating age of 427.3 ± 2.3 Ma (Middle Silurian). Results of the geochemical analyses show that the high-Mg diorites were high-K calc-alkaline series with the SiO2 content ranging 50.40 to 55.41 wt%. They are characterized by high values of Mg# (67–77), high MgO (6.92–10.58 wt%), TiO2 (0.53–0.87 wt%), Cr (286–615 ppm), Ni (61–124 ppm), Ba (570–927 ppm) contents, and low FeOtotal/MgO ratios (0.54–0.89). Furthermore, they exhibit nearly flat right-declined rare-earth element (REE) patterns with slight LREE enrichment. The samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Ba, Rb, and Th) and depleted in high field strength elements (e.g., Ta, Nb, and Ti). These geochemical features are analogous to the sanukitic high-Mg andesites. The mean value of the initial εHf(t) is −1.3, indicating that the source is enriched mantle. The values of Rb/Cs, Ba/La, and La/Sm ratios suggest that subducting sediments formed an important component of the magmatic source. The presence of water-bearing minerals such as amphibole and biotite indicate a water-rich and oxygen-rich primitive magma system. Petrogenetic analysis indicates that the Akechukesai high-Mg diorites probably formed by melts and aqueous fluids produced from partial melting of the subducting sediments interacting with mantle peridotites. We hypothesize that, after the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean Basin in the Middle Silurian, the deep subducted slab broke-off and formed a slab window, asthenospheric material upwelled heating the subducting sediments and causing them to melt. Thus, we suggest that the emplacement of the Akechukesai high-Mg diorites mark the commencement of post-collisional magmatism.

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Acknowledgments

We are most grateful to Geosciences Journal for his patience and tolerance providing us the revision chance and the reviewers for their careful opinions. This manuscript was funded by Geological Survey Project (20201163) of China Geological Survey, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41402060). We thank the staff of the Yanduzhongshi Geological Analysis Laboratories Ltd., for their advice and assistance during zircon U-Pb dating. Thank Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China for Lu-Hfisotope analyses. We also thank the Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, for assistance in analyses of major and trace elements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, No. 2199 Jianshe Street, Changchun, 130061, China

    Chao Wang, Fengyue Sun, Tuofei Zhao & Jiaming Yan

  2. Jilin Institute of Geological Survey, Changchun, 130061, China

    Chao Wang & Dongwei Liu

  3. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun, 130061, China

    Fengyue Sun

  4. Jilin Exploration Geophysics Institute, Changchun, 130012, China

    Lei Zuo

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  4. Lei Zuo
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  5. Tuofei Zhao
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  6. Jiaming Yan
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Correspondence to Chao Wang.

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Wang, C., Sun, F., Liu, D. et al. Discovery of the Early Paleozoic Akechukesai high-Mg diorites in the western segment of East Kunlun Orogenic Belt and its constraints on the mechanism of break-off from Proto-Tethys oceanic subducted slab. Geosci J 26, 1–16 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-021-0016-4

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