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Effects of combined soil amendments on Cd accumulation, translocation and food safety in rice: a field study in southern China

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Abstract

Excessive Cd content and high Cd/Zn ratio in rice grains threaten human health. To study the reduction effects of combined soil amendments on Cd content and Cd/Zn ratio in rice planting in soils with different Cd contamination levels, we conducted field trials in three regions of Hunan province, China. Six field treatments were designed in each study area, including control (CK), lime alone (L), lime combined with sepiolite (LS), phosphate fertilizer (LP), organic fertilizer (LO) and phosphate fertilizer + organic fertilizer (LPO). The application of the combined amendments reduced the Cd content in rice grains to less than the Food Health Standard of China (0.2 mg/kg) and the Cd/Zn ratio to less than the safety threshold of 0.015. The average reduction rates of grain Cd content under the combined treatments among the three regions increased with the increase in Cd content in the soil. Meanwhile, the amendments also decreased the soil available Cd and Zn concentration significantly. The LO had the highest efficiency on decreasing Cd content in rice grains among these amendments, which is ranged from 44.6% to 52.8% in the three regions compared with CK. Similarly, high reduction rates of Cd/Zn ratio were found in the LO treatment, with an average value of 57.3% among the three regions. The grain Cd contents and Cd/Zn ratios were significantly correlated with the soil available Cd concentrations, plant uptake factor and the straw to rice grain translocation factor (TFgs) (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the combined soil amendments, especially lime combined with organic fertilizer, would be an effective way to control Cd content in rice.

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Most of the data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. The rest of the raw data cannot be shared at this time as the data form the part of an ongoing study.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41771532) and National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1800400).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Lei Shi, Zhaohui Guo, Xiyuan Xiao, Chi Peng, Wenli Feng, Hongzhen Ran & Peng Zeng

  2. School of Environment and Biologcal Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 451191, China

    Lei Shi & Shuaixia Liu

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  1. Lei Shi
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Contributions

LS was responsible for experiment design, conducting experiments, statistical processing and writing. ZG performed experiment design and conceptualization. SL performed methodology, revision and editing. XX was involved in revision and editing. CP was responsible for conceptualization, experiment design, funding acquisition and revision. WF and HR were responsible for conducting experiment and data curation. PZ was involved in experiment and discussion.

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Correspondence to Chi Peng.

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Shi, L., Guo, Z., Liu, S. et al. Effects of combined soil amendments on Cd accumulation, translocation and food safety in rice: a field study in southern China. Environ Geochem Health 44, 2451–2463 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01033-7

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