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Impact of Hijlan Creek springs on water quality of the Euphrates River and the hydrochemical characterization of the contamination plumes

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Abstract

The aim of this work is to present the hydrochemical mechanisms describing the system of the Euphrates River before and after mixing with groundwater from the springs of Hijlan (western Iraq). Continuously, the data generated from these springs water have been adapted to provide an updated assessment for future water therapeutic purposes. Physicochemical characteristics of water in the mixing plume of Hijlan Creek and Euphrates indicate the multi Hydrochemical plumes as revealed by the spatial variation of important parameters related to the ecological parameters including K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, NO3−, PO43−, Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, Temp, DO, BOD5, H2S, Turbidity, EC, pH, and TDS. The re-aeration (k2) and de-oxygenation rate (k1) coefficients, as well as the self-purification factor (f) of the mixing plume, are 0.51, 2.03 and 0.25 s−1, respectively. The Cl− concentration in the confluence zone changes, due to the chloride content mixing rates of 7.1 and 92.9% for Euphrates and Hijlan creek water, respectively, with water discharge of 316,224 m3/day and chloride load discharge of 420 tons/day. The assessment of the water quality indicates unsuitability for aquaculture purposes. However, the water can be used for therapeutic purposes and to cure multiple diseases.

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Fig. 1

(Modified from Sissakian and Fouad 2012)

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Acknowledgements

The authors are deeply grateful for Prof. Bayan Muhie Hussien significant contribution toward this work. Prof. Hussien's passed away (may his soul rest in peace) during the final stage of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, University Of Anbar, Hit, Anbar, 31007, Iraq

    Muwafaq Ayesh Rabeea

  2. Seismic Processing Center, Oil Exploration Company, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ahmed J. R. Al-Heety

  3. Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

    Mahmmoud Ismail Mohammed

  4. Department of Chemistry, College of Pure Sciences, University Of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq

    Adnan Mohammed Fayydh

  5. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Elhag

  6. Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth (RADI), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100094, China

    Mohamed Elhag

  7. Department of Applied Geosciences, Faculty of Science, German University of Technology in Oman, 1816, Muscat, Oman

    Mohamed Elhag

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  1. Muwafaq Ayesh Rabeea
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Rabeea, M.A., Al-Heety, A.J.R., Mohammed, M.I. et al. Impact of Hijlan Creek springs on water quality of the Euphrates River and the hydrochemical characterization of the contamination plumes. Environ Earth Sci 80, 481 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09749-6

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