Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of TiB2 and Al3Ti on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of near eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy

  • Published:
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A near eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy was developed with 0.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 4.0wt%, and 6.0wt% Al-5Ti-1B master alloy. The microstructural morphology, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fracture behaviour of the alloys were studied. The unmodified Al-12.6Si alloy has an irregular needle and plate-like eutectic silicon (ESi) and coarse polygonal primary silicon (PSi) particles in the matrix-like α-Al phase. The PSi, ESi, and α-Al morphology and volume fraction were changed due to the addition of the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy. The hardness, UTS, and elongation improved due to the microstructural modification. Nano-sized in-situ Al3Ti particles and ex-situ TiB2 particles caused the microstructural modification. The fracture images of the developed alloys exhibit a ductile and brittle mode of fracture at the same time. The Alα5Tiα1B modified alloys have a more ductile mode of fracture and more dimples compared to the unmodified alloy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. Biswas, M.K. Mondal, and D. Mandal, Effect of Mg2Si concentration on the dry sliding wear behavior of Al-Mg2Si composite, J. Tribol., 141(2019), No. 8, art. No. 081601.

  2. P. Biswas, K.D. Prasadu, and M.K. Mondal, Effect of Bi addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-17.6Si alloy, Mater. Res. Express, 6(2019), No. 11, p. 1165b9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. C.L. Li, Y. Pan, T. Lu, L.J. Jing, and J.H. Pi, Effects of Ti and La additions on the microstructures and mechanical properties of B-Refined and Sr-modified Al-11Si alloys, Met. Mater. Int., 24(2018), No. 5, p. 1133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.H. Zhang, S.M. Xing, X.H. Ao, P. Sun, and R.F. Wang, Effect of Ca modification on the elemental composition, microstructure and tensile properties of Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 11, p. 1457.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. R. Ahmad, M.B.A. Asmael, N.R. Shahizan, and S. Gandouz, Reduction in secondary dendrite arm spacing in cast eutectic Al-Si piston alloys by cerium addition, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater, 24(2017), No. 1, p. 91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.S. Rao, J. Zhang, R.X. Liu, J. Zheng, and D.D. Yin, Modification of eutectic Si and the microstructure in an Al-7Si alloy with barium addition, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 728(2018), p. 72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. K.H. Kim and M.S. Kim, High temperature tensile properties of hypereutectic Al-25Si based alloy, Met. Mater. Int., 24(2018), No. 1, p. 136.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J.H. Wang, J.Q. Zhu, Y. Liu, H.P. Peng, and X.P. Su, Effect of spheroidization of eutectic Si on mechanical properties of eutectic Al-Si alloys, J. Mater. Res., 33(2018), No. 12, p. 1773.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. B. Hazra, S. Bera, and B.K. Show, Enhanced elevated temperature wear resistance of Al-17Si-5Cu alloy after a novel short duration heat treatment, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 3, p. 360.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Biswas, S. Patra and M.K. Mondal, Effects of Mn addition on microstructure and hardness of Al-12.6Si alloy, IOP Conference Series: Mater. Sci. Eng., 338(2018), No. 12, art. No. 012043.

  11. P. Biswas, S. Patra, H. Roy, C.S. Tiwary, M. Paliwal, and M.K. Mondal, Effect of Mn addition on the mechanical properties of Al-12.6Si alloy: Role of Al15(MnFe)3Si2 intermetallic and microstructure modification, Met. Mater. Int., 27(2021), p. 1713.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y.H. Zhang, C.Y. Yea, Y.P. Shen, W. Chang, D.H. StJohn, G. Wang, and Q.J. Zhai, Grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al-7wt.%Si alloy induced by an Al-V-B master alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 812(2020), art. No. 152022.

  13. C.R. Barbosa, G.H. Machado, H.M. Azevedo, F.S. Rocha, J.C. Filho, A.A. Pereira, and O.L. Rocha, Tailoring of processing parameters, dendritic microstructure, Si/intermetallic particles and microhardness in as cast and heat treated samples of Al7Si0.3Mg alloy, Met. Mater. Int., 26(2020), p. 370.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Khemraj, A.K. Jha, and S.N. Ojha, Deformation and fracture characteristics of complex Al-Si alloy during high speed forging under different processing conditions, Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol., 58(2019), No. 1, p. 32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Lu, Y. Pan, J.L. Wu, S.W. Tao, and Y. Chen, Effects of La addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloys, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 22(2015), No. 4, p. 405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Y.J. Yang, P. Hua, X.F. Li, K. Chen, and W. Zhou, Effect of multipass on microstructure and impact toughness of as-cast Al-20Si alloy via friction stir processing, Phys. Met. Metallogr., 120(2019), No. 11, p. 1226.

    Google Scholar 

  17. M.J. Wang, K.Q. Hu, G.L. Liu, and X.F. Liu, Synchronous improvement of electrical and mechanical performance of A356 alloy reinforced by boron coupling nano-AlNp, J. Alloys Compd., 814(2020), art. No. 152217.

  18. M. Nowak, L. Bolzoni, and N. Hari Babu, The effect of Nb-B inoculation on binary hypereutectic and near-eutectic LM13 Al-Si cast alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 641(2015), p. 22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Lin, C. Aliravci, and M.O. Pekguleryuz, Hot-tear susceptibility of aluminum wrought alloys and the effect of grain refining, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 38(2007), No. 5, p. 1056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. K. Ghedjati, E. Fleury, M.S. Hamani, M. Benchiheub, K. Bouacha, and B. Bolle, Elaboration of AlSi10Mg casting alloys using directional solidification processing, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 22(2015), No. 5, p. 509.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Krishnakumar, A. Mohnbabu, and R. Saravanan, Impact of surface alloying of nickel on microstructure, hardness and wear on aluminium-12% silicon alloy, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 72(2019), No. 9, p. 2395.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. P. Biswas, R. Bhandari, M.K. Mondal, and D. Mandal, Effect of microstructural morphology on microscale deformation behavior of Al-4.5Cu-2Mg alloy, Arch. Metall. Mater., 63(2018), No. 4, p. 1575.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. R. Bhandari, P. Biswas, M.K. Mondal, and D. Mandal, Finite element analysis of stress-strain localization and distribution in Al-4.5Cu-2Mg alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 28(2018), No. 6, p. 1200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. P. Biswas, D. Mandal, and M.K. Mondal, Micromechanical response of Al-Mg2Si composites using approximated representative volume elements (RVEs) model, Mater. Res. Express, 6(2019), No. 11, p. 1165c6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Z.H. Gan, H. Wu, Y. Sun, P.H. Jiang, Y. Su, C.D. Wu, and J. Liu, Super-gravity field assisted homogeneous distribution of sub-micron eutectic Si in Al-Si alloy, J. Alloy Compd., 817(2019), art. No. 152701.

  26. X.C. Xia, Q.F. Zhao, Y.Y. Peng, P. Zhang, L.H. Liu, J. Ding, X.D. Luo, L.S. Wang, L.X. Huang, H.J. Zhang, and X.G. Chen, Precipitation behavior and mechanical performances of A356.2 alloy treated by Al-Sr-La composite refinement-modification agent, J. Alloy Compd., 181(2020), art. No. 1533703.

  27. H. Kaya and A. Aker, Effect of alloying elements and growth rates on microstructure and mechanical properties in the directionally solidified Al-Si-X alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 694(2017), p. 145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Farahany, M.H. Idris, A. Ourdjini, F. Faris, and H. Ghandvar, Evaluation of the effect of grain refiners on the solidification characteristics of an Sr-modified ADC12 die-casting alloy by cooling curve thermal analysis, J. Therm. Anal Calorim., 119(2015), No. 3, p. 1593.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A.S. Anasyida, A.R. Daud, and M.J. Ghazali, Dry sliding wear behaviour of Al-12Si-4Mg alloy with cerium addition, Mater. Des., 31(2010), No. 1, p. 365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M.A. Easton, M.A. Qian, and D.H. StJohn, Grain refinement in alloys: Novel approaches, [in] K.H. Jurgen Buschow, ed., Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Elsevier, Amsterdam; New York, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Y.W. Jia, D.H. Wang, Y.N. Fu, A.P. Dong, G.L. Zhu, D. Shu, and B.D. Sun, In situ investigation of the heterogeneous nucleation sequence in Al-15 weight percent Cu alloy inoculated by Al-Ti-B, Metall. Mater Trans., A, 50(2019), No. 4, p. 1795.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Z.N. Chen, H.J. Kang, G.H. Fan, J.H. Li, Y.P. Lu, J.C. Jie, Y.B. Zhang, T.J. Li, X.G. Jian, and T.M. Wang, Grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys with B, Acta Mater., 120(2016), p. 168.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. S.A. Kori, V. Auradi, B.S. Murty, and M. Chakraborty, Poisoning and fading mechanism of grain refinement in Al-7Si alloy, Mater. Forum, 29(2005), p. 387.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. P. Srirangam, M.J. Kramer, and S. Shankar, Effect of strontium on liquid structure of Al-Si hypoeutectic alloys using high-energy X-ray diffraction, Acta Mater., 59(2011), No. 2, p. 50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Y.F. Han, K. Li, J. Wang, D. Shu, and B.D. Sun, Influence of high-intensity ultrasound on grain refining performance of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy on aluminium, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 405(2005), No. 1–2, p. 306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. P. Tang, W.F. Li, K. Wang, J. Du, X.Y. Chen, Y.J. Zhao, and W.Z. Li, Effect of Al-Ti-C master alloy addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of cast eutectic Al-Si-Fe-Cu alloy, Mater. Des., 115(2017), p. 147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. G.S. Vinod Kumar, B.S. Murty, and M. Chakraborty, Grain refinement response of LM25 alloy towards Al-Ti-C and Al-Ti-B grain refiners, J. Alloys Compd., 472(2009), No. 1–2, p. 112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Y. Li, Q.F. Gu, Q. Luo, Y.P. Pang, S.L. Chen, K.C. Chou, X.L. Wang, and Q. Li, Thermodynamic investigation on phase formation in the Al-Si richregion of Al-Si-Ti system, Mater. Des., 102(2016), p. 78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. B.S. Murty, S.A. Kori, and M. Chakraborty, Grain refinement of aluminium and its alloys by heterogeneous nucleation and alloying, Int. Mater. Rev., 47(2002), No. 1, p. 3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. P. Srirangama, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Bhattachary, S. Nag, J. Kaduk, S. Shankar, R. Banerjee, and T. Shibata, Probing the local atomic structure of Sr-modified Al-Si alloys, Acta Mater., 65(2014), p. 185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. G.R. Li, H.M. Wang, Y.T. Zhao, D.B. Chen, G. Chen, and X.N. Cheng, Microstructure of in situ Al3Ti/6351Al composites fabricated with electromagnetic stirring and fluxes, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 20(2010), No. 4, p. 577.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. M.K. Mondal, K. Biswas, and J. Maity, Microstructural characterisation of novel 6351 Al-Al4SiC4 in-situ composite, Mater. Sci. Technol., 29(2013), No. 11, p. 1394.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. A.M. Bunn, P. Schumacher, M.A. Kearns, C.B. Boothroyd, and A.L. Greer, Grain refinement by Al-Ti-B alloys in aluminium melts: a study of the mechanisms of poisoning by Zirconium, Mater. Sci. Technol., 15(1999), No. 10, p. 1115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Y. Chen, Y. Pan, T. Lu, S.W. Tao, and J.L. Wu, Effects of combinative addition of lanthanum and boron on grain refinement of Al-Si casting alloys, Mater. Des., 64(2014), p. 423.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors are very thankful to Mr. S. C. Das and Mr. M. K. Das of the National Institute of Technology Durgapur, India, for their support in several phases of this investigation. The authors would also like to thank NIT, Durgapur RIG#2 project for financial support and the Director of National Institute of Technology Durgapur, India, for his continuous encouragement.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

    Surajit Basak, Prosanta Biswas, Surajit Patra & Manas Kumar Mondal

  2. Department of NDT and Metallurgy Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

    Himadri Roy

Authors
  1. Surajit Basak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prosanta Biswas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Surajit Patra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Himadri Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Manas Kumar Mondal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manas Kumar Mondal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Basak, S., Biswas, P., Patra, S. et al. Effect of TiB2 and Al3Ti on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of near eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy. Int J Miner Metall Mater 28, 1174–1185 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2070-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2070-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation