Abstract
Growing commercial interest in octopus fisheries has increased the need to develop rapid and inexpensive methods to determine the geographical origins (provenance) of individuals. Identifying the provenance of marine species not only supports high-quality and sustainable fisheries, as seafood distributors are held accountable for accurately sourced products, but can address important ecological questions on movement and connectivity. Multi-elemental signatures in statoliths, the cephalopod equivalent of otoliths, could act as geographical proxies but have never been analysed in octopus. As such, we investigated the statolith chemistry of commercially harvested Octopus berrima collected across two seasons (summer and winter) and from four sites along the South Australian coast with different temperature and salinity profiles. Statoliths were analysed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, targeting the central portion of the structure, to measure concentrations of chosen elements (7Li, 24Mg, 55Mn, 88Sr, 137Ba, 11B, 23Na, 31P, 39K, 59Co, 60Ni, 65Cu, 66Zn, 208Pb). Significant differences between region and season were found for most elements, except 88Sr and 60Ni. Cross-validation classification found that 85% of octopus from environmentally distinctive regions were able to be correctly classified back to region of origin, regardless of harvest season. Regions with similar environmental profiles had lower classification success (70%). We also found that 11B, 137Ba, and 55Mn contributed most to the discrimination among regions. This study reveals that distinctive geographic signatures are present in statoliths of octopus, establishing the potential of statolith elemental chemistry as a powerful tool for tracking the movement and provenance of octopus.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the instruments and scientific and technical assistance of Microscopy Australia at Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, a facility that is funded by the University, and State and Federal Governments. We would like to thank Sarah Gilbert for her help and expertise with conducting the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis at Microscopy Australia. We would also like to thank Qiaz Hua, Madison Mclatchie and Elise Boultby for their assistance with the octopus dissections, and R. A. Chathuri Nisansala for her assistance with Fig. 1. This research was funded by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT190100244) awarded to Doubleday and a Royal Society of South Australia Small Research Grant awarded to Daryanani.
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This research was funded by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT190100244) awarded to ZD and a Royal Society of South Australia Small Research Grant awarded to DD.
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Conceptualisation: Zoe Doubleday, Jasmin Martino; Methodology: Divya Daryanani, Zoe Doubleday, Jasmin Martino; Formal analysis and investigation: Divya Daryanani; Writing – original draft preparation: Divya Daryanani; Writing – review and editing: Zoe Doubleday, Jasmin Martino; Funding acquisition: Divya Daryanani, Zoe Doubleday; Resources: Zoe Doubleday, Jasmin Martino; Supervision: Zoe Doubleday, Jasmin Martino.
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Daryanani, D.S., Martino, J.C. & Doubleday, Z.A. Statolith chemistry: a new tool to understand the ecology and provenance of octopus. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 31, 923–934 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-021-09671-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-021-09671-x