Correction to: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00382-6, published online 17 June 2021.

Three changes have been made to original article: disease names were added at the beginning of the Abstract; in the legend of Figure 4b, the words ‘and initiation factors’ were added to the sentence, “… other IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) [and initiation factors], such as eIF3 and eIF5”; and the citation ‘FIG. 3f’ was changed to ‘FIG. 3e’. These changes have been made in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.