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Examination of Carbon Paste Electrode/TiO2 Nanocomposite as Electrochemical Sensor for Detecting Profenofos Pesticide

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Abstract

This study reports the preparation and performance of a smart material—a carbon paste electrode combined with TiO2 semiconductor (CPE/TiO2) as electrochemical sensor for detecting profenofos—a toxic organophosphates group insecticide widely used in agriculture. Such techniques as real samples tests and electrochemical tests were used to investigate the following parameters: a scan rate, an electrode response, a limit of detection (LoD), and repeatability. Based on the obtained results, the best mass composition of TiO2 combined with CPE was found to be in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 5, with an anodic peak current (Ipa) of 150 μA, an anodic peak potential (Epa) of 0.87 V, and an optimal scan rate measurement of 0.5 V s–1. The LoD based on a linearity curve with a value of 4.0 × 10–5 μM was also observed, and a repeatability test against the working electrode was performed until the 30th day, using the Horwitz ratio of 0.16. A good electrochemical performance of the working electrode tested against a real sample showed the specifically detected profenofos with Ipa value of 7.0 × 10–5 μM.

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Funding

The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency (KEMRISTEK/BRIN), Republic of Indonesia, for providing the financial support under Grant No. 171/SP2H/AMD/LT/DRPM/2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Haluoleo University, 93232, Kendari, Indonesia

    Thamrin Azis, Maulidiyah Maulidiyah, Muh. Zakir Muzakkar, Siti Wahyuni Aziza, La Ode Agus Salim, Owink Agung Prabowo & Muhammad Nurdin

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Haluoleo University, 93232, Kendari, Indonesia

    Ratna Ratna

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Pattimura, 97233, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia

    Catherina M. Bijang

  4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University of Kendari, 93117, Kendari, Indonesia

    Dwiprayogo Wibowo

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  1. Thamrin Azis
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  2. Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
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Thamrin Azis, Maulidiyah, M., Muzakkar, M.Z. et al. Examination of Carbon Paste Electrode/TiO2 Nanocomposite as Electrochemical Sensor for Detecting Profenofos Pesticide. Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem. 57, 387–396 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068375521030029

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