Abstract
Remains of the stem anseriforms Presbyornithidae dominate among the avian material from the Tsagaan-Khushu locality in southern Mongolia (Naran-Bulak Formation; upper Paleocene–lower Eocene). Revision of the materials previously attributed to Presbyornis showed that they actually belong to two taxa of Presbyornithidae plus one or two taxa of stem Phoenicopterimorphae. The relatively large presbyornithid is morphologically similar to smaller specimens of Presbyornis pervetus Wetmore, 1926 from the lower Eocene of the United States. Another small form described here as Bumbalavis anatoides gen. et sp. nov. is morphologically more advanced than Presbyornis. Thus, the Mongolian materials do not confirm the presence of significant body size dimorphism in Presbyornis. Stem Phoenicopterimorphae from Tsagaan-Khushu are tentatively assigned to Juncitarsidae, to which the holotype of Presbyornis mongoliensis Kurochkin et Dyke, 2010 also belongs.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Badamgarav, D. and Reshetov, V.Yu., Paleontologiya i stratigrafiya paleogena Zaaltaiskoi Gobi (Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Paleogene of Trans-Altai Gobi), Moscow: Nauka, 1985. (Tr. Sovm. Sov.-Mongol. Paleontol. Eksped., no. 25).
Clarke, J.A., Morphology, phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae), Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2004, vol. 286, pp. 1–179.
Danilov, I.G., Syromyatnikova, E.V., and Sukhanov, V.B., Subclass Testudinata, in Iskopaemye reptilii i ptitsy (Fossil Reptiles and Birds), Lopatin, A.V. and Zelenkov, N.V., Eds., Moscow: GEOS, 2017, pp. 27–375.
Dashzeveg, D., Hartenberger, J.-L., Martin, T., and Legendre, S., A peculiar minute Glires (Mammalia) from the Early Eocene of Mongolia, Bull. Carn. Mus. Natur. Hist., 1998, vol. 34, pp. 194–209.
Devyatkin, E.V., Kainozoi vnutrennei Azii (stratigrafiya, geokhronologiya, korrelyatsiya) (Cenozoic Inner Asia (Stratigraphy, Geochronology, and Correlation)), Moscow.: Nauka, 1981. (Tr. Sovm. Sov.-Mongol. Geol. Eksped., no. 27).
De Pietri, V.L., Scofield, R.P., Zelenkov, N., et al., The unexpected survival of an ancient lineage of anseriform birds into the Neogene of Australia: the youngest record of Presbyornithidae, R. Soc. Open Sci., 2016, vol. 3. 150635.
Elzanowski, A., More evidence for plesiomorphy of the quadrate in the Eocene anseriform avian genus Presbyornis, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2014, vol. 59, pp. 821–825.
Ericson, P.G.P., New material of Juncitarsus (Phoenicopteriformes), with a guide for differentiating that genus from the Presbyornithidae (Anseriformes), Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol., 1999, vol. 89, pp. 245–251.
Ericson, P.G.P., Systematic revision, skeletal anatomy, and paleoecology of the New World early Tertiary Presbyornithidae (Aves: Anseriformes), PaleoBios, 2000, vol. 20, pp. 1–23.
Feduccia, A., Presbyornis and the evolution of ducks and flamingos, Am. Sci., 1978, vol. 66, pp. 298–304.
Hood, S.C., Torres, C.R., Norell, M.A., and Clarke, J.A., New fossil birds from the earliest Eocene of Mongolia, Am. Mus. Novit., 2019, no. 3934, pp. 1–24.
Hope, S., The Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes, in Mesozoic Birds. Above the Heads of Dinosaurs, Chiappe, L.M. and Witmer, L.M., Eds., Berkeley: Univ. California Press, 2002, pp. 339–388.
Hwang, S.H., Mayr, G., and Bolortsetseg, M., The earliest record of a galliform bird in Asia, from the late Paleocene–early Eocene of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 2010, vol. 30, pp. 1642–1644.
Kurochkin, E.N., Cretaceous birds of Mongolia and their importance for the development of the class phylogeny, in Iskopaemye reptilii i ptitsy Mongolii (Fossil Reptiles and Birds of Mongolia), Moscow: Nauka, 1988, pp. 33–42.
Kurochkin, E.N., Mesozoic birds of Mongolia and the former USSR, in The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, Benton, M.J., Shishkin, M.A., Unwin, D.M., and Kurochkin, E.N., Eds., Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000, pp. 533–559.
Kurochkin, E.N. and Dyke, G.J., A large collection of Presbyornis (Aves, Anseriformes, Presbyornithidae) from the late Paleocene and early Eocene of Mongolia, Geol. J., 2010, vol. 45, pp. 375–387.
Kurochkin, E.N. and Dyke, G.J., The first fossil owls (Aves: Strigiformes) from the Paleogene of Asia and a review of the fossil record of Strigiformes, Paleontol. J., 2011, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 445–458.
Kurochkin, E.N., Dyke, G.J., and Karhu, A.A., A new presbyornithid bird (Aves, Anseriformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern Mongolia, Am. Mus. Novit., 2002, no. 3386, pp. 1–11.
Lopatin, A.V., Early paleogene insectivore mammals of Asia and establishment of the major groups of Insectivora, Paleontol. J., 2006, vol. 40, suppl. 3, pp. 205–405.
Mayr, G., Phylogenetic affinities and morphology of the late Eocene anseriform bird Romainvillia stehlini Lebedinsky, 1927, N. Jb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh., 2008, vol. 248, pp. 365–380.
Mayr, G., Paleogene Fossil Birds, Berlin: Springer, 2009.
Mayr, G., Comparative morphology of the radial carpal bone of neornithine birds and the phylogenetic significance of character variation, Zoomorphology, 2014a, vol. 133, pp. 425–434.
Mayr, G., The Eocene Juncitarsus—its phylogenetic position and significance for the evolution and higher-level affinities of flamingos and grebes, C. R. Palevol., 2014b, vol. 13, pp. 9–18.
Mayr, G., Avian Evolution. The Fossil Record of Birds and Its Paleobiological Significance, Chichester: Wiley, 2017.
Missiaen, P., An updated mammalian biochronology and biogeography for the early Paleogene of Asia, Vertebr. PalAsiat, 2011, vol. 49, pp. 29–52.
Olson, S.L., The anseriform affinities of Anatalavis Olson and Parris (Anseranatidae), with a new species from the Lower Eocene London Clay, Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol., 1999, vol. 89, pp. 231–243.
Olson, S.L. and Feduccia, A., Presbyornis and the origin of the Anseriformes (Aves: Charadriomorphae), Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 1980, vol. 323, pp. 1–24.
Olson, S.L. and Parris, D.C., The Cretaceous birds of New Jersey, Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol., 1987, vol. 63, pp. 1–22.
Russel, D.E. and Zhai, R.J., The Paleogene of Asia: mammals and stratigraphy, Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur. Ser. C, 1987, vol. 52, pp. 1–488.
Stidham, T.A., The origin and ecological diversification of modern birds: evidence from the extinct wading ducks, Presbyornithidae (Neornithes: Anseriformes), Unpubl. PhD. Diss., Berkeley: Univ. California, 2001.
Stidham, T.A. and Eberle, J.J., The palaeobiology of high latitude birds from the early Eocene greenhouse of Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada, Sci. Rep., 2016, vol. 6. 20912.
Tambussi, C.P. and Degrange, F.J., South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds. Paleobiogeographic Affinities and Disparities, Dordrecht: Springer, 2013.
Tambussi, C.P., Degrange, F.J., De Mendoza, R.S., et al., A stem anseriform from the early Palaeocene of Antarctica provides new key evidence in the early evolution of waterfowl, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 2019, vol. 186, pp. 673–700.
Ting, S.-Y., Tong, Y.-S., Clyde, W.C., et al., Asian Early Paleogene chronology and mammalian faunal turnover events, Vertebr. PalAsiat., 2011, vol. 49, pp. 1–28.
Worthy, T.H., Degrange, F.J., Handley, W.D., and Lee, M.S.Y., The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres), R. Soc. Open Sci., 2017, vol. 4. 170975.
Zelenkov, N.V., The earliest Asian duck (Anseriformes: Romainvillia) and the origin of Anatidae, Dokl. Biol. Sci., 2018a, vol. 483, pp. 225–228.
Zelenkov, N.V., A swan-sized anseriform bird from the late Paleocene of Mongolia, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 2018b, vol. 38, e1531879.
Zelenkov, N.V., Variability in the postcranial skeleton of the European dabbling ducks (Aves, Anatidae): identifying nodes of strong and relaxed selection, J. Morphol., 2019, vol. 280, suppl. 1, p. S243.
Zelenkov, N.V., Cenozoic evolution of Eurasian anatids (Aves: Anatidae s. l.), Biol. Bull. Rev., 2020, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 417–426.
Zelenkov, N.V. and Kurochkin, E.N., Class Aves, in Iskopaemye reptilii i ptitsy (Fossil Reptiles and Birds), Kurochkin, E.N., Lopatin, A.V., and Zelenkov, N.V., Eds., Moscow: GEOS, 2015, part 3, pp. 86–290.
Zelenkov, N.V. and Stidham, T.A., Possible filter-feeding in the extinct Presbyornis and the evolution of Anseriformes (Aves), Zool. Zh., 2018, vol. 97, pp. 943–956.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am grateful to Mark Florence for the opportunity to study materials on Presbyornithidae in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Washington (United States) and to A.O. Averianov for his comments on the text of this article.
Funding
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20-04-00975).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by M. Batrukova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zelenkov, N.V. A Revision of the Palaeocene–Eocene Mongolian Presbyornithidae (Aves: Anseriformes). Paleontol. J. 55, 323–330 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030121030138
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030121030138