Abstract
Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide included in the Stockholm Convention for Persistent Organic Compounds. The utilization of endosulfan as the sole source of carbon and its mineralization was evaluated using pure strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Peribacillus simplex, Enterobacter cloacae, Achromobacter spanius, and Pseudomonas putida, isolated from soil with historical pesticide use. The consumption of the α isomer of endosulfan by five of the six strains studied was higher than 95%, while B. subtilis degraded only 76% of the initial concentration (14 mg/L). On the other hand, the degradation of the β isomer was approximately 86% of the initial concentration (6 mg/L) by B. subtilis, P. simplex, and B. pseudomycoides and 95% by P. putida, E. cloacae, and A. spanius. The ability of A. spanius, P. simplex, and B. pseudomycoides to degrade endosulfan has not been previously reported. The production of endosulfan lactone by the Bacillus strains, as well as A. spanius and P. putida, indicated that endosulfan was degraded by the hydrolytic pathway.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The financial support of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Project 47401023 of the Program “Apoyo a la Investigación 2019” is acknowledged. This work was also financially supported by the Universidad de Buenos Aires for the S. Cabrera doctoral fellowship and UBACyT Proyects 20220140100042BA and 22320200100758BA.
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This work was financed by the Program “Apoyo a la Investigación 2019” of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Project 47401023.
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A. Casanova carried out the research, analyzed the data, prepared the visuals, contributed to the first draft, and read and approved the final manuscript. S. Cabrera carried out the sampling and characterization of the soil, isolation and purification of the strains, preliminary degradation tests, and read and approved the final manuscript. G. Díaz-Ruiz carried out the identification of strains, contributed to the first draft, and read and approved the final manuscript. S. Hernández supervised the experimentation, analyzed the data, contributed to the final draft, and read and approved the final manuscript. C. Wacher analyzed the data and read and approved the final manuscript. M. Zubillaga analyzed the data and read and approved the final manuscript. I. Ortíz performed the conceptualization, supervised the research, analyzed the data, and wrote and approved the final draft.
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Casanova, A., Cabrera, S., Díaz-Ruiz, G. et al. Evaluation of endosulfan degradation capacity by six pure strains isolated from a horticulture soil. Folia Microbiol 66, 973–981 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-021-00899-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-021-00899-5